« Physics - 11th grade"
Electromagnetic induction
The English physicist Michael Faraday was confident in the unified nature of electrical and magnetic phenomena.
A time-varying magnetic field generates an electric field, and a changing electric field generates a magnetic field.
In 1831, Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which formed the basis for the design of generators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the occurrence of an electric current in a conducting circuit, which is either at rest in a time-varying magnetic field or moves in a constant magnetic field in such a way that the number of magnetic induction lines penetrating the circuit changes.
For his many experiments, Faraday used two coils, a magnet, a switch, a source DC and galvanometer.
An electric current can magnetize a piece of iron. Can a magnet cause an electric current?
As a result of experiments, Faraday established main features phenomena of electromagnetic induction:
1). an induction current arises in one of the coils at the moment of closing or opening the electrical circuit of another coil, stationary relative to the first.
2) induced current occurs when the current strength in one of the coils changes using a rheostat 
3). induced current occurs when the coils move relative to each other 
4). induced current occurs when a permanent magnet moves relative to the coil 
Conclusion:
In a closed conducting circuit, a current arises when the number of magnetic induction lines penetrating the surface bounded by this circuit changes.
And the faster the number of magnetic induction lines changes, the greater the resulting induced current.
It doesn't matter. which is the reason for the change in the number of magnetic induction lines.
This may also be a change in the number of magnetic induction lines penetrating the surface bounded by a stationary conducting circuit due to a change in the current strength in the adjacent coil,
and a change in the number of induction lines due to the movement of the circuit in a non-uniform magnetic field, the density of the lines of which varies in space, etc.
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux- this is a characteristic magnetic field, which depends on the magnetic induction vector at all points of the surface bounded by a flat closed contour. 
There is a flat closed conductor (circuit) bounding a surface of area S and placed in a uniform magnetic field.
The normal (vector whose modulus is equal to unity) to the plane of the conductor makes an angle α with the direction of the magnetic induction vector
Magnetic flux Ф (flux of the magnetic induction vector) through a surface of area S is a value equal to the product of the magnitude of the magnetic induction vector by the area S and the cosine of the angle α between the vectors and:
Ф = BScos α
Where
Вcos α = В n- projection of the magnetic induction vector onto the normal to the contour plane.
That's why
Ф = B n S
The magnetic flux increases the more In n And S.
Magnetic flux depends on the orientation of the surface that the magnetic field penetrates.
Magnetic flux can be interpreted graphically as a value proportional to the number of magnetic induction lines penetrating a surface with an area of S.
The unit of magnetic flux is weber.
Magnetic flux in 1 weber ( 1 Wb) is created by a uniform magnetic field with an induction of 1 T through a surface with an area of 1 m 2 located perpendicular to the magnetic induction vector.
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weber
Weber (Wb)
milliweber
Milliveber (mWb)
1 Wb = 1 V s = 1 T m² = 1 J/A = 10⁸ μs (Maxwellian).
microweber
Microweber (mWb)- a derived unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the SI system, which is a submultiple in relation to the Weber. By definition, a change in magnetic flux through a closed loop at a rate of one weber per second induces an electromotive force (EMF) equal to one volt in that loop. In other SI units, Weber is expressed as follows: tesla per square meter (T m²), or volt-second (V s), or joule per ampere (J/A).
1 Wb = 1 V s = 1 T m² = 1 J/A = 10⁸ μs (Maxwellian).
volt-second
Volt-second (V s)- derived unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the SI system. By definition, a change in magnetic flux through a closed loop at a rate of one weber per second induces an electromotive force (EMF) equal to one volt in that loop. In other SI units, Weber is expressed as follows: tesla per square meter (T m²), or volt-second (V s), or joule per ampere (J/A).
1 Wb = 1 V s = 1 T m² = 1 J/A = 10⁸ μs (Maxwellian).
single magnetic pole
Single magnetic pole(eng. unit magnetic pole) - a unit for measuring the force of interaction between two magnets in a vacuum, equal to the force with which one magnetic pole repels another magnetic pole of the same name at a distance of one centimeter with a force of one dyne. In SI units, a unit of magnetic flux can be defined as a pole which, when placed in a vacuum, at a distance of one meter from a like and equal pole, repels it with a force of ¼πμ₀ newtons, where μ₀ is the absolute magnetic permeability of vacuum or air 4π · 10⁻⁷ Gn/m. In the MKS (meter-kilogram-second system) and SI, this concept was replaced by the current flowing through the winding, that is, ampere-turns and, later, amperes.
megaline
Megaline
kiloline
kiloline- a unit of measurement of magnetic flux, a multiple of the line - the old name of Maxwell (Mks), which is a derived unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the CGS system. In a uniform magnetic field with an induction of one Gauss, a magnetic flux of one Maxwell passes through a flat contour with an area of one square centimeter, located perpendicular to the induction vector: 1 μs = 1 G cm² = 10⁻⁸ Wb
line
Line- the old name for Maxwell (Mks) - a derived unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the CGS system. In a uniform magnetic field with an induction of one Gauss, a magnetic flux of one Maxwell passes through a flat contour with an area of one square centimeter located perpendicular to the induction vector: 1 μs = 1 G cm² = 10⁻⁸ Wb
Maxwell
Maxwell (Mks)- a derived unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the GHS system. In a uniform magnetic field with an induction of one Gauss, a magnetic flux of one Maxwell passes through a flat contour with an area of one square centimeter, located perpendicular to the induction vector: 1 μs = 1 G cm² = 10⁻⁸ Wb. Maxwell was previously called a line.
tesla meter²
Tesla square meter (T m²)- unit of measurement of magnetic flux equal to Weber (Wb). By definition, a change in magnetic flux through a closed loop at a rate of one weber per second induces an electromotive force (EMF) equal to one volt in that loop. In other SI units, Weber is expressed as follows: tesla per square meter (T m²), or volt-second (V s), or joule per ampere (J/A).
1 Wb = 1 V s = 1 T m² = 1 J/A = 10⁸ μs (Maxwellian).
tesla-centimeter²
Tesla-square centimeter (T cm²)- unit of measurement of magnetic flux, multiple of Weber (Wb). By definition, a change in magnetic flux through a closed loop at a rate of one weber per second induces an electromotive force (EMF) equal to one volt in that loop. In other SI units, Weber is expressed as follows: tesla per square meter (T m²), or volt-second (V s), or joule per ampere (J/A).
1 Wb = 1 V s = 1 T m² = 1 J/A = 10⁸ μs (Maxwellian).
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Weber (magnetic flux unit) Weber, unit of magnetic flux included in International system of units.
Named after the German physicist W. Weber, Russian designation Wb, international Wb. V. - magnetic flux, when it decreases to zero in the circuit connected to it with resistance 1 ohm amount of electricity passes 1 pendant Otherwise, we can define V. as a magnetic flux, a uniform change of which to zero in a time period of 1 second causes an emf equal to 1 in the closed circuit it penetrates. volt Therefore, 1 vb = (1 ohm) .
(1 k) or 1 wb = (1 c). (1 sec). 1 μs (maxwell is a unit of magnetic flux in the CGS system) = 10-8 wb. In the International System of Units (SI), weber is defined as the magnetic flux produced by a uniform magnetic field of induction 1 tesla across the platform 1m 2
,
normal to the field direction: 1 wb = (1tl)" (1m 2
).
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what "Weber (unit of magnetic flux)" is in other dictionaries:
Weber (symbol: Wb, Wb) unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the SI system. By definition, a change in magnetic flux through a closed loop at a rate of one weber per second induces an emf in this loop equal to one volt (see Law ... ... Wikipedia
WEBER, a unit of magnetic flux (see MAGNETIC FLUX) F and flux linkage (see FLUX LINKAGE) in the SI system, named after W. Weber Designated Wb: 1 Wb = 1 T.m2 1 Wb (weber) magnetic flux passing through a flat plane surface area 1... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
This term has other meanings, see Weber. Weber (symbol: Wb, Wb) unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the SI system. By definition, a change in magnetic flux through a closed loop at a rate of one weber per second induces... ... Wikipedia
Maxwell, a unit of magnetic flux in the CGS system of units. Named after the English physicist J.C. Maxwell. Abbreviated designation: Russian ISS, international Mx. M. ≈ magnetic flux passing through a uniform magnetic field with induction 1... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
WEBER- unit of magnetic flux in SI, designated Wb... Big Polytechnic Encyclopedia
WEBER Wilhelm Eduard (1804 91), German physicist who in 1846 standardized the units of measurement of ELECTRICITY, relating them to the basic dimensions of mass, length, charge and time. He was the first physicist to consider... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary- unit of magnetic flux in the SI system. 1 Wb is equal to the magnetic flux, when it decreases to zero in a circuit connected to it with a resistance of 1 Ohm, an amount of electricity equal to 1 C passes through the cross-section of the conductor in 1 second.... ... Medical terms
Ampere's law is used to establish the unit of current, the ampere.
Ampere - the strength of a current of constant magnitude, which, passing through two parallel straight conductors of infinite length and negligibly small cross-section, located at a distance of one meter, one from the other in a vacuum, causes a force of .
 ,
|
(2.4.1) |
Here ; ; ; 
Let us determine from here the dimension and magnitude in SI.
, hence
, or 
.
From the Biot-Savart-Laplace law, for a straight conductor with current , Same you can find the dimension of the magnetic field induction:
Tesla is the SI unit of induction. .
Gauss– unit of measurement in the Gaussian system of units (GHS).
1 T equal to the magnetic induction of a uniform magnetic field, in which a flat circuit with a current having a magnetic moment,torque is applied.
 |
Tesla Nikola(1856–1943) – Serbian scientist in the field of electrical and radio engineering. He had a huge number of inventions. He invented the electric meter, frequency meter, etc. He developed a number of designs for multiphase generators, electric motors and transformers. He designed a number of radio-controlled self-propelled mechanisms. Studied the physiological effects of high frequency currents. In 1899 he built a 200 kW radio station in Colorado and a 57.6 m high radio antenna in Long Island (Wardenclyffe Tower). Together with Einstein and Openheimer, in 1943 he participated in a secret project to achieve the invisibility of American ships (Philadelphia experiment). Contemporaries spoke of Tesla as a mystic, clairvoyant, prophet, capable of looking into the intelligent cosmos and the world of the dead. He believed that with the help of an electromagnetic field one could move in space and control time. |
Other definition: 1 T equal to magnetic induction, at which the magnetic flux through the area 1 m 2, perpendicular to the field direction,equals 1 Wb .
The unit of measurement of magnetic flux Wb, got its name in honor of the German physicist Wilhelm Weber (1804–1891), a professor at universities in Halle, Göttingen, and Leipzig.
As we already said, magnetic flux Ф through the surface S is one of the characteristics of the magnetic field(Fig. 2.5):
SI unit of magnetic flux:
. , and since , then .
Here Maxwell(Mks) is a unit of measurement of magnetic flux in the CGS named after the famous English scientist James Maxwell (1831–1879), creator of the theory of the electromagnetic field.
Magnetic field strength N measured in .
, 
.
Let us summarize the main characteristics of the magnetic field in one table.
Table 2.1
Name |
