Films on the theme of honor and dishonor. Arguments on the topic: honor = (honesty, dignity. nobility, decency). Quotes and epigraphs

Honor is one of the most significant human values. To act honestly means to listen to the voice of conscience, to live in harmony with oneself. Such a person will always have an advantage over others, since no circumstances can lead him astray from the true path. He values ​​his beliefs and remains true to them to the end. An unscrupulous person, on the contrary, sooner or later suffers defeat, if only because he betrayed himself. A liar loses his dignity and experiences a moral decline, and therefore he does not have the spiritual strength to defend his position to the end. As they say in famous quote from the film "Brother": "Strength in Truth."

In the story by A. S. Pushkin “ Captain's daughter“The theme of truth occupies a central place. As an epigraph, the author takes the well-known proverb “Take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age” and develops this idea throughout the entire work. In the story we see a “confrontation” between two heroes - Grinev and Shvabrin, one of whom chose to follow the path of honor, and the other turned away from this path. Petrusha Grinev defends not only the honor of the girl slandered by Shvabrin, he defends the honor of his Motherland and his empress, to whom he swore an oath. Grinev, in love with Masha, challenges Shvabrin to a duel, who has insulted the girl’s honor by allowing himself unacceptable hints towards her. During the duel itself, Shvabrin again acts dishonestly and wounds Grinev when he is distracted. But the reader sees who Masha chooses.

Pugachev's arrival at the fortress is another test for the heroes. Shvabrin, pursuing his own interests, goes over to Pugachev’s side and thereby betrays both himself and his Motherland. And Grinev, even under pain of death, remains true to his convictions. And Pugachev, the robber and revolutionary, leaves Grinev alive because he is able to appreciate such an act.

War is also a test of honor. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” we again observe two opposing characters - the partisans Sotnikov and Rybak. Sotnikov, despite his illness, volunteers to go in search of food, “because others refused.” He alone fires back at the policemen, while Rybak runs away and abandons his comrade. Even after being captured, during interrogation, under severe torture, he does not reveal the location of his squad. Sotnikov dies on the gallows, but retains both honor and dignity.

The seemingly noble return of Rybak for his lagging comrade has low motives: he is afraid of the condemnation of others and does not know how to explain his treacherous act to the detachment. Then, in captivity, when they are being led to execution, Rybak agrees to go into service with the Germans in order to save his life. However, having lost his last hope of escaping, he comes to the conclusion that death is his only way out. But he fails to commit suicide, and this cowardly, weak-spirited man is forced to suffer all his life under the blows of his conscience.

In conclusion, I would like to say that we must cultivate and cherish the habit of acting honestly, according to our conscience. This is one of the foundations on which society rests. Even now, when the times of knights and duels are long gone, we must not forget the true meaning of the concept of “honor”.

1. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

The novel's epigraph immediately points to the problem raised by the author: who is the bearer of honor and who is the bearer of dishonor. Embodied honor, which does not allow one to be guided by material or other selfish interests, is manifested in the feat of Captain Mironov and his inner circle. Pyotr Grinev, ready to die for given word oath, and doesn’t even try to get out, deceive, or save lives. Shvabrin acts differently: in order to save his life, he is ready to serve the Cossacks, just to survive.

Masha Mironova is the embodiment of female honor. She is also ready to die, but does not enter into an agreement with the hated Shvabrin, who is seeking the girl’s love.

2. M.Yu. Lermontov “Song about ... merchant Kalashnikov”

Kiribeevich is a representative of the oprichnina, he does not refuse anything, he is accustomed to permissiveness. Desire and love lead him through life, he does not tell the whole truth (and therefore lies) to the king and receives permission to marry a married woman. Kalashnikov, following the laws of Domostroy, stands up to defend the honor of his disgraced wife. He is ready to die, but to punish his offender. Leaving to fight on the execution site, he invites his brothers, who should continue his work if he dies. Kiribeevich behaves cowardly, courage and daring immediately disappear from his face as soon as he learns the name of his opponent. And although Kalashnikov dies, he dies a winner.

3. N.A. Nekrasov “To whom in Rus'...”

Matryona Timofeevna sacredly preserves her honor and dignity as a mother and wife. She, pregnant, goes to the governor’s wife to save her husband from being recruited.

Ermila Girin, being an honest and noble person, enjoys authority among the villagers of the surrounding area. When the need arose to buy the mill, he had no money; the peasants at the market collected a thousand rubles in half an hour. And when I was able to return the money, I went around to everyone and personally returned what I had borrowed. He gave the remaining unclaimed ruble to everyone for drinks. He is an honest man and honor is more important to him than money.

4. N.S. Leskov "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk"

The main character, Katerina Izmailova, puts love above honor. It doesn’t matter to her who she kills, just to stay with her lover. The death of a father-in-law or husband becomes only a prelude. The main crime is the murder of the little heir. But after exposure, she remains abandoned by her loved one, since his love was only an appearance, a desire to find his mistress as a wife. The death of Katerina Izmailova does not wash away the dirt from her crimes. Thus, dishonor during life remains the posthumous shame of a lustful, jaded merchant's wife.

5. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

Sonya Marmeladova is the moral and ideological center of the novel. The girl, thrown onto the panel by her stepmother, retains the purity of her soul. She not only fervently believes in God, but also retains a moral principle that does not allow her to lie, steal, or betray. She carries her cross without shifting responsibility to anyone. She finds the right words to convince Raskolnikov to confess to the crime. And he follows him to hard labor, protects the honor of his ward, protects him in the most difficult moments of his life. In the end, he saves you with his love. So surprisingly, a girl working as a prostitute becomes in Dostoevsky’s novel a protector and bearer of true honor and dignity.

Everyone knows that the problem of honor and dishonor is key in the life of every person. Written on this topic large number books, many films made. Both experienced adults and teenagers who are not fully familiar with life talk about it.

What is dishonor? Dishonor is a kind of insult, literally a loss of honor under any circumstances, a shame.

This topic has really been important throughout human existence and does not lose relevance in modern world. Therefore, many writers have addressed this problem in their works.

“The Captain's Daughter”, A.S. Pushkin

The problem raised is key in this work by Alexander Sergeevich. In his opinion, dishonor is what should be feared most. The personification of piety in the novel is Grinev and his entire family, as well as his beloved and her relatives. Shvabrin is sharply opposed to him. This is the absolute opposite of Grinev. Even the character's last name is telling. Shvabrin is a terrible egoist who lost his officer's honor by defecting to Pugachev.

“Song about the merchant Kalashnikov”, M.Yu. Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich takes the reader to the reign of Ivan IV, famous for the introduction of the oprichnina. The guardsmen, the tsar's loyal subjects, were so loved by him that they could afford any action and remain unpunished. So, the guardsman Kiribeevich dishonored married woman Alena Dmitrievna, and her husband, having learned about this, decided to face certain death, but return honor to his wife by challenging Kiribeevich to a fight. With this, the merchant Kalashnikov showed himself to be a pious man, a man who would do anything for the sake of honor, even to his own death.

But Kiribeevich distinguished himself only by cowardice, because he could not even admit to the king that the woman was married.

The song helps answer the reader’s question about what dishonor is. This is, first of all, cowardice.

“Thunderstorm”, A.N. Ostrovsky

Katerina, main character drama, was brought up in a clean, bright atmosphere of kindness and affection. Therefore, when she got married, she assumed that her life would be the same. But Katerina found herself in a world where completely different orders and foundations rule, and Kabanikha, a true tyrant and bigot, monitors all this. Katerina could not withstand the onslaught and found consolation only in Boris’s love. But she, a believer, could not cheat on her husband. And the girl decided that the best way out for her was suicide. Thus, Katerina realized that dishonor is already a sin. And there is nothing more terrible than him.

For many centuries there was a struggle: honor and dishonor fought in one person. And only a bright and pure soul could do right choice, these are the vices that Russian classics tried to show in their immortal works.

• A person who betrayed his loved one can be called dishonest
• True personality traits are revealed in difficult life situations
• Sometimes actions that seem dishonest at first glance turn out to be necessary
• A man of honor will not betray his moral principles even in the face of death
• War brings out dishonest people
• Actions done out of anger and envy are always dishonorable
• Honor must be defended
• A dishonest person sooner or later receives retribution for his actions
• A person who betrays his moral principles is dishonest

Arguments

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". In the work we see two completely opposite heroes: Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. For Petr Grinev, the concept of honor is key when making important decisions. He does not betray his principles even when he is threatened with execution: the hero refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev. He decides to rescue Masha Mironova from the Belogorsk fortress, captured by the enemy, although this is very dangerous. When Pyotr Grinev is arrested, he tells the whole truth, but does not mention Marya Ivanovna, so as not to spoil her already miserable life. Alexey Shvabrin is a cowardly person, capable of doing vile things, looking for more favorable conditions for himself. He takes revenge on Masha Mironova for refusing to marry him, at the first opportunity he goes over to Pugachev’s side, and in a duel with Pyotr Grinev he shoots in the back. All this suggests that he is a dishonest person.

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Evgeny Onegin does not perceive Tatyana Larina’s letter telling about her feelings as something serious. After the duel with Lensky, the hero leaves the village. Tatyana’s feelings do not subside; she thinks about Evgeniy all the time. Time passes. At one of the social evenings, Evgeny Onegin appears, to whom society is still alien. There he sees Tatiana. The hero explains himself to her, Tatyana also confesses her love for Onegin, but she cannot betray her husband. In this situation, Tatyana maintains her honor and dignity, respecting not her own desires, but high moral principles.

A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri". The great composer Mozart was given a gift from above. Salieri is a hard worker who has achieved success through many years of work. Out of envy, Salieri decides to commit not only a dishonest, but also an inhumane act - he throws poison into Mozart's glass. Left alone, Salieri comprehends Mozart’s words about the incompatibility of villainy and genius. He cries, but does not repent. Salieri is glad that he fulfilled his “duty.”

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Speaking of dishonor, it is impossible not to turn to the Kuragin family. All members of this family are immoral, devoted only to money, and only outwardly seem to be patriots. Trying to get at least part of Pierre Bezukhov's inheritance, Prince Vasily decides to marry him to his daughter Helen. She cheats on the honest, devoted, good-natured Pierre, without feeling any remorse. Anatol Kuragin commits an equally disgusting act: being married, he attracts the attention of Natasha Rostova and prepares an escape attempt, which ends in failure. Reading the work, we understand that such dishonest people cannot be truly happy. Their successes are temporary. True happiness comes from heroes like Pierre Bezukhov: moral, true to their word, truly loving their Motherland.

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Andriy, the son of Taras Bulba, betrays his father and homeland: unable to resist the power of love for a Polish woman, he goes over to the side of the enemy and fights against those whom he only recently considered comrades. Old Taras kills his son because he cannot forgive him for this dishonorable act. Ostap, the eldest son of Taras Bulba, shows himself completely differently. He fights the enemy to the last, dies in terrible agony, but remains true to his moral principles.

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". Katerina, who grew up in an atmosphere of love and care, cannot live well with a weak-willed husband and a wayward Kabanikha. The girl falls in love with Boris, this brings her both happiness and sorrow. Katerina's betrayal is a betrayal that she cannot survive as a moral person. The heroine decides to commit suicide, knowing that she has committed a grave sin that an already terrible society will not forgive. It is unlikely that Katerina can be called a dishonest person, despite the act she committed.

M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man.” Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work, is not without reason called a man of honor. Its the best moral qualities revealed themselves during the war, in captivity of the Germans. The hero told the truth about the work that the prisoners do. Someone reported on Andrei Sokolov, which is why Mueller called him. The German wanted to shoot the hero, but before his death he offered to drink “to the victory of German weapons.” Andrei Sokolov is a person incapable of such a dishonorable act, so he refused. He drank to his death, but did not eat, showing the strength of spirit of the Russian people. He refused to eat even after the second glass. Muller called Sokolov a worthy soldier and sent him back with bread and a piece of lard. For Andrei Sokolov, it was a matter of honor to share the food among everyone, despite the fact that he himself was very hungry.

N. Karamzin “Poor Liza.” Erast, a man of noble origin, falls in love with Lisa, an ordinary peasant woman. At first, the young man dreams of leaving his society for the sake of their future happiness. Lisa cannot help but believe him, she is so overcome by love that she without a doubt gives herself to Erast. But the flighty young man loses a large sum of money at cards and loses all his fortune. He decides to marry a rich widow, and Liza says that he is going to war. Isn't this a dishonorable act? When Lisa finds out about the deception, Erast tries to pay her off. The poor girl doesn’t need money, she doesn’t see the point in living and eventually dies.

V. Rasputin “French Lessons”. Young teacher Lidiya Mikhailovna teaches French and is class teacher the main character of the work. When the boy comes to school beaten, the traitor Tishkin reveals that he is playing for money. The teacher is in no hurry to scold the hero. Little by little, Lidia Mikhailovna learns how difficult life is for the child: his home is far away, there is little food, and there is not enough money. The teacher tries to help by inviting the boy to play for money with her. On the one hand, her action is unacceptable. On the other hand, it cannot be called bad, because it was committed for a good purpose. The director finds out that Lidiya Mikhailovna is playing with a student for money and fires her. But it is clear that there is nothing to condemn the teacher for: the apparent dishonorable act actually brings goodness.

A.P. Chekhov "The Jumper". Olga Ivanovna is married to doctor Osip Ivanovich Dymov. Her husband loves her very much. He works hard to pay for his wife's hobbies. Olga Ivanovna meets the artist Ryabovsky and cheats on her husband. Dymov guesses about the betrayal, but does not show it, but tries to work even harder and harder. The relationship between Olga Ivanovna and Ryabovsky reaches a dead end. At this time, Dymov becomes infected with diphtheria while fulfilling his medical duty. When he dies, Olga Ivanovna understands how dishonest and immoral her behavior was. She admits that she has lost a truly worthy person.

There are many concepts of honor. For example, military honor, knightly honor, officer’s honor, noble honor, merchant’s honest word, worker’s honor, maiden’s honor, professional honor. And there is also the honor of the school, the honor of the city, the honor of the country.

Some specific problematic issues that may appear in the texts:

What is the essence of these types of honor?

What does it take to preserve honor from a young age?

Honor: a burden or a blessing?

Is it possible to tarnish the “honor of the uniform”?

What is a “field of honor”? What is being protected on this field?

What is the “cadet honor” court? What might his sentence be?

Is the word “honor” modern today?

Petr Grinev. The story of A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”

Nikolay Rostov. Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"

Andrey Bolkonsky. Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"

Nikolay Pluzhnikov. The story of B.L. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”