- ((hut chit (a (flax)) hut of the reading room; pl. reading hut, reading hut; and. In the USSR until the end of the 60s: a cultural and educational institution in the countryside. Head of the hut reading room. * * * Reading hut one of the types of rural club institutions in the USSR until ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

One of the types of rural club institutions in the USSR before the beginning. 60s ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 library (19) toilet (87) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Zh. Cultural and educational institution in rural areas (in the USSR in the 20-60s of the XX century). Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova

hut-reading room- , s and, f. Reading room in a peasant house. ◘ In our country clubs have now become centers of political educational work, and reading rooms in the countryside (Molotov). BAS, vol. 5, 86. Decided: to buy for the fee of worker correspondents ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies

One of the types of rural club institutions in the USSR. They arose in the early years of Soviet power. In some national republics, districts, territories, and regions, mobile I. h. red teahouses, red plagues, red yurts, etc. were created ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

hut-reading room- reading hut, reading hut ... Russian spelling dictionary

hut-reading room- (1 f 1 f), R. hut / chita / linen ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

hut-reading room- huts / chita / flax; pl. and / zby chita / flax, izb chita / flax; and. In the USSR until the end of the 60s: a cultural and educational institution in the countryside. The head of the hut of the reading room ... Dictionary of many expressions

hut-reading room- izb / a / cheat / a / l / n / i ... Morphemic spelling dictionary

Books

• The ashes of Odessa are knocking on my heart Collection of poetic prose and journalistic materials, Izba-Reading Room. The collection "The Ashes of Odessa knocks on my heart" was compiled by the editorial team of the literary and artistic portal "Izba-Reading Room" based on the materials of the authors of the site.. The main idea of ​​this…
• Rejected return or Rejected attaches the Collection of poetic prose and journalistic materials, Izba-Reading Room. The collection "Crimea is a Russian land. Rejected returns or Rejected joins!" Compiled by members of the editorial board and artistic council of the literary and public association "...

Brief review of archival materials

INTRODUCTION
Over the past five years, I keep hearing: is the history of libraries really needed? Well, they were alive now, but are they worth such close attention to their past. I am sure: the history of libraries is on the same level with the history of public education. After all, they, along with schools, have played a huge role in the life of our people. It is they who help to store and pass on from generation to generation the knowledge accumulated by mankind. Studying the history of libraries operating in the city is an opportunity not only to determine the date of opening, addresses, but also to try to name those who opened these libraries.
The history of libraries can be studied in two ways. First: memories of the oldest library workers and their readers. The second is the study of documents that are stored in the funds of our archives: State Archive Ulyanovsk region and archive recent history. In addition to traditional statistical reports on the work of libraries for each year of work from the date of foundation, the funds of the Department of Culture and the Department of Culture of the City Council also store text reports, references on the work of libraries and other documents. What a joy it is when, through a pile of dusty dry reports, you come across a living word about a library or a reading room - evidence that not just a performer, but also a real ascetic worked in this small cultural institution.
The scope of my research is limited to the Soviet period and only to the city (the history of the largest libraries - regional scientific and youth - is handled by the academic secretary of the Palace of Books, V.M. Patutkina).

HUT - READING ROOMS
Let's imagine our city in the early twenties. It is generally accepted that at that time the city had two or three libraries. This is not true. According to the list of libraries as of December 1, 1921, there were 34 libraries in the city. The list includes military and departmental libraries: for example, at the Economic Council, Gubzemdepartment, health department, concentration camp, correctional house, and so on. In the same list - the provincial book depository familiar to us, the central library, two regional ones, and so on. In addition to the registered libraries, it is known that various institutions and organizations of the city had ... 47 distribution points.
The ruler of thoughts in those years was our countryman - V.I. Lenin. He and his wife N.K. Krupskaya thought out and put into practice the idea of ​​bringing the book as close as possible to the reader. For example, V.I. Lenin believed that the number of libraries serves as an indicator of the culture of any country. In his opinion, the library should be a 20-minute walk from the reader's place of residence. In the most difficult years of devastation and famine for the country, reading rooms began to appear in the country.
About a hundred reading rooms were registered in the Ulyanovsk region, six of them were located in the city. Some of them became prototypes of modern libraries, clubs and even kindergartens.
The reading huts of Ulyanovsk appeared as "centers of political education and conductors of all cultural events." The reading hut was supposed to contribute to "rallying the poor and farm laborers with the middle peasants".
At each reading room there were political circles, likpunkts (for the elimination of illiteracy), drama circles (in the largest - Kulikovo - reading room they staged performances that were popular with the population.
The reading huts were supposed to become centers for organizing conscription into the army, the huts organized evenings of remembrance of former servicemen and solemn farewells for conscripts. The duty of the hut is the design of the wall newspaper, the organization of loud readings and various lectures. Not at all, but at many huts-reading rooms there were small funds of books. In some cases, the hut agreed on the issuance of books at certain hours (brought books from the Book Palace). Each reading room subscribed to newspapers and magazines. In the early 1930s, the reading rooms resembled today's teenage clubs. “There have been more cases when teenagers and low-income children of the dispossessed, breaking off relations with their parents, go out into the street where they beg, commit offenses, thereby replenishing the ranks of homeless children,” Terekhina and Agapova write to Gorono, “please give specific instructions on how to deal with children deprived people living in poverty on the streets". Much attention was paid to working with children and women. At large reading huts, playgrounds were organized, which became the prototypes of today's kindergartens. One of the documents specifies that "the reading hut arose as a means of cultural enlightenment work among unorganized household housewives". In the same document, it was proposed "in view of summer time, to transfer work (reading huts) to nature and, if possible, organize excursions (housewives), for example, to their nursery. Ilyich, to a museum or to a house for the protection of motherhood and childhood. The plans for the work of the reading hut include arranging outdoor readings of the magazines Rabotnitsa, Delegate, and Peasant Woman. On the outskirts of the city, where there are no reading huts yet, it was proposed to organize travel and book collection points. “Some reading rooms were organized not from above, but ... from below, spontaneously, by the population itself. For example, in November 1925, the Butyrskaya reading room was opened.
From the documents of 1928, one can see the concern of the authorities that “the population of Tuti and the Northern pasture with the adjacent areas of Brick sheds and Boltavsky pits are completely not served by political enlightenment work.”(f.521, inventory 1, file 521, p.191). “The house according to the 74\4 team is quite suitable for a reading room for serving the Northern pasture,” reports the author of one of the reports. He recommends purchasing the Doktorov brothers' house for this purpose. It is possible that as a result of the concern of the authorities, huts appeared - reading rooms on Kulikovka and in Podgorye. Prior to this, the population of these areas of the city was served by the Booksellers of the Palace of the Book and school workers. However, the authors of the documents admit, this work was carried out "haphazardly and without any regulation of this." One of the reasons is called “non-payment of labor”. Izbachi, like school workers, received a salary. The GORONO is responsible for supplying reading huts with kerosene, firewood and newspapers. The Department of Public Education supervised the work of reading huts until 1954. Questions about reading huts were discussed at the "Association of Librarians" operating in the city. For example, at a meeting of the Gubpolitprosveta (1925), the "Association..." raised the issue of supplying reading huts with reader and book forms, as well as "Book lending notebooks." At each hut-reading room there were Soviets from among the activists. Before starting work, the izbach-librarian had to pass a monthly "test" (training and practice) at the Central Library. The archives contain many interesting facts about many huts-reading rooms of the city and the region. Reading huts were financed from the county budget. Where there is no money, they were supported by ... the population. “The reading rooms seem to have come to life,” they write in the documents of the Gubpolitprosveta dated March 10, 1924, “the visits have increased several times, the need for a good peasant book has increased .... The magazine "Atheist" is read to the holes. It is necessary to write out posters with the image of V.I. Lenin, books with his biography. We need Stasov's books "What the peasants need to know about Soviet power, about the land and their economy" ... We need the magazine "New Village".
The funds of the Ulyanovsk archives contain a lot of interesting facts about the Nizhne-Chasovenskaya, Kanavskaya and Royal huts-reading rooms of the Zavolzhsky district. In the center of Ulyanovsk there were Butyrskaya, Kulikovskaya and Podgornaya reading huts. In this publication I will focus on one of them - Butyrskaya.
BUTYRSKAYA
Old-timers know that Butyrki is the area of ​​the old cemetery, Robespierre and Nizhne-Polevoy streets. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Butyrok area was considered an area of ​​poor handicraftsmen and artisans. Judging by the sources, it was they who initiated the opening of the reading room. Opened it twice. For the first time - in November 1925. The reading hut was placed in the two-storey building of Pishtrest, which before the revolution housed the office of the Lipatov mill.
The ideal reading room presupposes a stage. She was built. An illiteracy liquidation center was opened in one of the rooms, and another was occupied by a watchman. The first furniture of the reading room: tables, benches, water tank.
So far no information has been found about the first Butyrok hut. Most likely, he did not manage to prove himself, it is possible that he simply did not know where to start work. Perhaps he spent two years in this state, otherwise why in November 1927 the Butyrskaya hut-reading room was opened again. This is reported by the hut Presnyakov. In statements to Gorono, he writes that the reading room was opened literally from scratch: by the time he arrived, there was no table, no bench, no water tank in the room. Presnyakov asks for a hundred rubles for him to buy furniture. In January 28, he orders firewood, as there are three stoves in the room, and before that he bought firewood with his own money. The inspectors are unanimous in assessing his activities: "The work ... is felt."
Under Presnyakov, a drama circle and a literary circle began to operate in the reading room.
K. Okolova, a methodologist of the Palace of Books, who checks the work of the reading-room, calls the Butyrskaya reading-room "a valuable mobile point." In the audit report, she reports that "more students and teenagers read, but there is no reader's guide to reading.". K. Okolova notes that the reading room is one common room where they play checkers and rehearse. Maybe there was some room for lending books? It is known that Presnyakov regularly informed about the working hours of the movement. Most likely, the books were brought from the Palace of Books. Izbach compiled annotated lists of literature, designed book exhibitions.
Under Presnyakov, the reading room was renovated, and a playground for 62 people was arranged under him. On the day of the Red Army, he organized an excursion to Polivno. This event resolved the issue of the bond between the population and the army. By the date of the capture of the city (September 12), a report was held. After the speaker, a loan agitator spoke. The event "brightened up" the movie. The work of the Butyrsky hut was set as an example. And, as often happens, he was noticed there, "above" and already in October 1928, Presnyakov was transferred to another area of ​​​​work: to the Karsun Volost Committee of the Komsomol.
The fate of the Butyrskaya hut-reading room confirms the well-known "Cadres decide everything." Presnyakov's place was taken by Bayushev, who, as it is written in the report of the inspector of political education for the city of Vasyanin, "has never worked at the political education and has little interest. His work is poor." Bayushev is the exact opposite of Presnyakov. He is rude, insensitive.
The most affectionate thing about visitors: "hooligans", Being not in the mood, he could call the visitor a "drunk face". The Butyrka activists fought the rude hut: each of his "blunders" was reported to the political enlightenment. For example, once Bayushev disrupted the planned report "On the Lena execution." The speaker came, and they are speaking in the reading room circus artists. The hut was justified by the banal: "But I thought that you would not come."
Activists continued to brand the hut in the wall newspaper. But this did not help: Bayushev did not want to be re-educated, he behaved defiantly. At one of the meetings, Inspector Vasyanin reports that Butyrok activists refuse to work with Bayushev.
There are not so many huts in the city. The hut of the Kanavskaya hut-reading room Ivan Veselkin has long been asking to be transferred to the city. You have to make concessions. Veselkin is transferred to the Butyrskaya hut-reading room, Bayushev is "exiled" to Kanavskaya.
Let's leaf through one of the plans of the Butyrskaya hut-reading room. The main task is "wide familiarization of the population with the tasks of the Party." No less important is "to focus the population's attention on strengthening the country's defense capability." In the section on circle work, it is increasingly noted: "Organize ...", "Resume ..."
Obligatory for all circles at huts - reading rooms were circles of OSOAVIAKHIM, MOPR. Under Presnyakov, they were, but under Bayushev, they fell apart. The wall newspaper ceased to be issued, activists did not gather.
Likpunkt is open again at the reading room. Izbach plans to create a circle of stencors, a cell for the fight against alcohol, a circle "Godless", Komsomol and pioneer circles. It is planned to "stage a movie three times", to prepare a performance twice by the drama circle, to organize checkers games. An interesting point: "Hold a show trial."
At the Butyrskaya hut-reading room there is a playground - this is the prototype of the modern kindergarten. It is headed by E.F. Greshnyakova. There is her statement with a request "to release the manufactory in order to sew underwear for the children of poor parents."
Unfortunately, Ivan Yakovlevich Veselkin did not prove himself either. According to one version, he quit of his own free will. According to another, it was filmed by harsh Butyrka Komsomol members. They did not forgive him "negligent attitude to work, drinking and rudeness ...". Since February 1929, A. Voronin has been in charge of the Butyrskaya hut-reading room. His work is marked by the rise of mass work. An assessment of his work can be read in the report of political education inspector Sharagina, who visited the reading room. He writes that “in the area of ​​old and new Butyrki there are no cultural and educational institutions, except for the reading room. ... Territorially, it is located far from the outskirts. -reading rooms - 80-100 people."
The inspector notes that “work is getting better: there are already 27 people in the OSOAVIAKHIM cell, 17 people in the drama circle, 22 attend the sanitary circle - ROCK. Amateur artists sometimes put on paid performances in favor of the reading room.
There is a political circle among Komsomol members .. All political and economic campaigns, all revolutionary holidays are reflected in a timely manner in the Butyrskaya reading room.
Sharagin cites several figures: monthly - seven reports and lectures, in the fund of the reading room there are about 200 political and fiction books. Books are issued twice a week. Recruited (in the sense - recorded) 157 people. Every month, 670 books pass through the hands of readers. There are booksellers in the reading room.
Sharagin is dissatisfied with the "weak leadership of the reading room." A separate room is missing: "68 sq. m. is not enough." He calls the lack of work with parents a lack of work. The "Group of the Poor" is not organized, work is not carried out among women. The head of the hut-reading room does not participate in the work of the illiteracy liquidation point.
Sharagin suggests that the hut should "keep accurate records of visitor traffic." At the same time, he recommends "setting a course for weeding out alien elements visiting the reading room."
In June, Voronin asks for a vacation: he was lucky enough to get a ticket to a rest home. And since September, he has been writing an application for "departure to Samara for admission to the Pedagogical Institute from September 1 to September 6, 1929." In the same folder - M. Trifonova's statement. She asks to be appointed head of the reading room at Butyrki.

FIRST LIBRARY
In 1938, the Butyrskaya izba-reading room turns into library No. 1. Until recently, the employees of city library No. 1 considered 1941 to be the date of their opening, citing the fact that an inventory book has been kept since that year. The search for the decision of the city executive committee "brought" me to 1938. Firstly, because in one of the references on the work of the city's libraries for 1950, the director of the Palace of Books, Elizaveta Perukhina, reports that ... "the first library has existed since 1938." Having plunged into the documents of the pre-war period, I discovered the “Estimate of expenses for 1 city library for 1938”. However, where is the decision of the City Council?
"Proletarian Way" dated May 28, 1937 publishes a note by N. Sokolova "Forgotten Outskirts". She writes that in the city “little attention is paid to the outskirts. Take at least the old and new Butyrki. There is no club here, not even a small reading room. There was a reading room, as we know, in this area, but, perhaps, in the thirties it worked so imperceptibly that N. Sokolova did not notice it. One way or another, but the authorities read the note and made their own conclusions. From the protocol of the section of public education and the eradication of illiteracy dated January 28, 1938, its head Pyotr Kradenov spoke “... about the need to open a library under the mountain, where it is also necessary and secondary school because the population will increase there in the future.” At the meeting, it was decided to provide for the opening of one library on the outskirts of the city in the budget for 1939. Today we know that before the war only one library was opened, the first one was opened on the fund of the former Butyrka reading room. There is a document according to which the librarian E. Gladilina was hired in the Butyrskaya reading room, and left already from the city library No. library, which dates back to December 1918).
It is possible that many modern libraries "grew" out of reading huts. Some of them lasted until the mid-1950s. But this is in the area. City huts-reading rooms ceased to exist by themselves even before the war, the very phrase "hut-reading room" is a thing of the past. And after the war, libraries began to grow. The second city library (now library No. 4) and the first children's library (now library No. 24) opened in the 46th. Three years later, in May 1949, documents were signed on the opening of the city library No. 3 (street of the 40th anniversary of October, 33). In the first half of the fifties, half of the libraries currently existing in the city were opened in the city: from the 4th to the 11th. On the eve of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin - in 1969 and 1970 - seven more libraries appeared in Ulyanovsk. One of the last ones opened in the city was the 30th Children's Library (1990). In 1967 the second city library became the Central Library. Since 1974, centralization has taken place in the city: the city's libraries have become a single library system. Its first director was L. A. Ogneva, then - V. M. Poletaeva. Since 1992, the city's library system has been headed by R.M. Gimatdinova, Honored Worker of the Russian Federation.

SUBURBAN LIBRARIES
In December 2006, ten suburban libraries joined the city's library system. Each of them has its own story. It is possible that the opening date of many rural libraries should be considered the date of the opening of the reading room. As we remember, they acted in almost every large village in the Ulyanovsk region. This is mentioned in the list of reading huts in the Ulyanovsk region by the instructor of the political education at the GORONO Vyugov. In a report dated September 26, 1936, he lists that reading rooms operated in the villages of Zagudaevka and Volostnikovka. Biryuchevka, Novy Uren, Karlinsky, Seldi, Mostovaya, Shumovka, Vyshki, Poldomasovo, Isheevka, Vinnovka, Vyrypaevka and others... 8 libraries. From the reports for each library, it can be seen that in the reading huts there is an accordion, a gramophone, a balalaika, in some - a radio. Most have books, but not all. Booksellers bring books to such reading-rooms.
From documents related to the work of reading huts, we learn that many libraries and reading huts are occupied “for other needs”: for example, in Bely Klyuch, Kuvshinovka and Elshanka, grain was stored in reading huts.
An interesting fact: in the thirties, the press (in particular, the newspaper Proletarsky Put) willingly covered the work of reading huts. In the issue for September 1, 1937. in question about the hut-reading room with. White Key (now - branch library No. 32). “... a good library, beautiful pictures, but the villagers rarely visit it. Sokolov's (Lyakhov's) hut does not organize mass cultural work well. In another note, they criticize the chairman of the board of the Sviyaga collective farm, Tikhonov, who does not understand the role of the hut. Tikhonov forces the hut Guryanov to be ... a hairdresser. “You won’t be a hairdresser,” Tikhonov threatens, “I’ll take off work.”
CONCLUSION
Recreating the history of small and seemingly inconspicuous cultural institutions is an important part of preserving social memory. It is possible that it was in such small cultural institutions that our parents or grandparents read their first books. The study of the history of individual libraries and the library system as a whole is an important part of the history of the city's cultural development. Librarianship has always been an indicator of the level of literacy and intelligence of the people. Information about how many libraries there were in the city, where they were located, how they worked, and even what mistakes were made in relation to these cultural institutions, is part of the history of the city. The reading hut, from which this or that modern library of the city has grown, is like a “small homeland”, which we love, no matter what. Unfortunately, it is impossible in one article to cover the history of the activities of our libraries with different points vision. The materials stored in our archives are enough for hundreds of articles. I want to express my gratitude to the staff of the Ulyanovsk archives for their help in finding materials for research on the history of reading huts and libraries in the city of Ulyanovsk.

NOTE:

Library business. Reading huts. club establishments. Museums Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna

AN IMPORTANT SITE OF SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION

Lenin attached great importance to the good organization of librarianship and paid exceptionally great attention to this section of the cultural front. This is eloquently evidenced by the book What Lenin Wrote and Said About Libraries, which contains a number of his letters, articles, speeches, orders, and decrees he passed. They show how closely he followed the organization of librarianship, how specific his instructions were. During the years of the civil war and the years of the New Economic Policy, a lot of valuable things were created on the library front, but many of the most valuable undertakings were ruined due to the extremely difficult situation, the civil war, and the often incorrect understanding of "self-support" at the local level.

To build a library business in the Land of Soviets in such a way that a dense network of libraries of various types would serve the entire population in a timely manner with the books they need, satisfy the ever-growing need of the masses for knowledge, broaden their horizons, and respond to their requests - such is Lenin's testament.

Narkompros has now organized a special Library Administration, which should raise this matter to its due height.

The first urgent task is provide existing libraries with the space they need. It is necessary that the premises for libraries be spacious, bright, dry, well heated, so that libraries have comfortable reading rooms.

The same care that we now see for school buildings should be shown for library buildings. This must be achieved. It is necessary once and for all to put an end to such a state of affairs that the head of the IT department occupies library premises for kindergarten, school, student dormitories, transferring them to rooms that are more cramped, dark, damp, not convenient for readers, or simply throws books into the basement, where they die. Such heads of the IT should be immediately removed from their posts, handed over to the prosecutor. But not only IT disposes. We know quite a few cases when district councils take library premises for apartments, for commercial premises. Library management must put an end to this. The prosecutor's office, the RKI, the Soviet public and, above all, the Soviets and their sections should come to his aid. Our country has grown culturally; such an attitude of many districts towards libraries and library property, towards public book property, must be stigmatized.

Our library network is completely inadequate, especially in the countryside. We need to build new libraries, but we need to build intelligently. How many cases have been observed - very large funds are spent, but the funds are thrown away in vain: either a library is built next to another, only more luxurious (often departments “compete” - they build large libraries next to each other), or it is built in a place where the population is uncomfortable with it to use, or the sheds of the old barracks are converted into libraries - cold, damp, unusable premises are obtained. Here we need planning, taking into account local conditions, taking into account tomorrow.

An agreement is needed between departments and organizations, it is necessary to develop model contracts that would help to maximize the use of each library.

Particular attention should be paid to the development of types collective farm libraries, which the collective farms so desperately need now. The political departments under the MTS can help a lot here.

District libraries should help to complete libraries, reading huts, libraries of collective-farm clubs, should instruct the leaders of these libraries, help them master library technology, and help school libraries.

From questions library technology A lot depends - the preservation of books, the maximum use of book wealth, the satisfaction of readers' requests, and even the political face of the library. For different types of libraries, you need various equipment. It is important to be able to advertise the right book, to promote it, it is important to be able to increase its circulation, organize instruction, etc., etc. In the field of library technology, we have great ignorance that hinders the correct formulation of business.

The rapid pace of economic and cultural development requires the creation of a cadre of specialists in a relatively short time. They, like all participants in the social construction, have to study a lot on their own. They need books. In our conditions, scientific libraries cannot be something closed, accessible only to a narrow circle of people. They should help the scientific qualification of cadres who have already entered the work, and specialists preparing for it.

Scientific libraries should open their doors more widely to people who seriously want to learn and deepen their knowledge. You need to think about how best to do this. The Library Board will include not only public, but also scientific libraries.

A very important and big question is the issue of supplying libraries with books. How to feed libraries? What to feed?

Books have the ability, as they say, to "morally become obsolete", they become morally obsolete especially in the conditions of our fast-paced life. Books written according to the old censorship conditions in Aesopian language, books written for the former ruling classes, dealing with issues that agitated these classes, even if they were artistically written, are of little interest to the modern mass reader. He longs for books that are close to him, talking about things that excite him at the moment. You can't feed a shock worker of a socialist construction project with old literature. And the library, which is not replenished all the time with newly published literature, loses interest for the reader, he stops going to the library, is indifferent to it.

A close connection must be established between our mass libraries and our contemporary writers.

The writer needs to consider the needs of readers, and the voice of the library reader must be heard when drawing up publishing plans.

This is one part of the question. Other - supply technology, distribution technology. To be honest, our book-supplying authorities all too often talk about libraries in the old fashioned way: “It’s up to you, God, what is not good for us,” we’ll put the best on sale, and sell what remains to the library. And the distribution of books in our country must be socialist, and first of all best book we must supply the organs of collective use of the book - the library, and not the private consumer. It will be necessary to expend much and much energy in order to break the established traditions in the supply of libraries.

Next comes accounting issue. Accounting on the library front is lame on all fours. If you take the data of one region, only political education libraries are taken into account, the data of another region include trade union libraries, the data of the third region do not include trade union libraries, but include libraries of reading huts, etc., etc. But the accounting of each library includes a lot of indicators, takes up a lot of time. The materials obtained are incomparable - materials that cannot be operated on. Obviously, we will have to consult with TsUNKhU and the State Planning Commission on how to conduct accounting of the most basic data, but real accounting, without which all financial and planning issues hang in the air, all calculations are made "by eye".

The library cannot function without a librarian.

Librarian- the soul of the business. A lot depends on it. He must be enthusiastic about his work, be able to work with a mass of readers, master the methods of library work, and be able to organize all the work of the library using these methods. A librarian in our Soviet libraries cannot be a simple technical loaner of books, he must master not only the technique of lending, recording books, the ability to take into account the number of subscribers, although he must be able to do this as well.

This skill is necessary, but far from sufficient.

Our Soviet mass library cannot, must not be transformed into a bureaucratic institution, it must be a living cultural center, and this requires the librarian to be able to approach the masses, to work with the masses, to know their needs, to be able to direct their interests in a certain direction, to awaken the initiative of readers. to conduct a lot of instructional work among them. The Soviet librarian must be an educated and politically savvy person, Soviet librarian - a responsible participant in the socialist construction - In the village, his role is not less, but even more than in the city.

Extremely important therefore skillful selection of library workers, their proper training and retraining. As of 1933, 36% of librarians have no library training, 24% have seven years of education and either a year of library work experience or library training in short courses. In other words, 60% of today's librarians are unprepared beginners in this business, and the enormous turnover of this staff is understandable, and fluidity on the library front means the actual squandering of library funds, weaning readers from the library. Of the remaining 40% - 15% are librarians with an education in the volume of a library technical school (full-time or part-time), as well as workers with incomplete secondary education who have no practical work experience. less than two years. As you can see, this category is also very poorly trained, and only the remaining 25% can be called real librarians.

So, on the front of library personnel, we have a shaped breakthrough. This must be said openly, and special attention must be paid to the training of cadres. This is the hardest task right now. It would be a huge mistake on the occasion of the organization of the Library Department to close the existing library departments at the pedagogical colleges, roll up and not great job which is currently available. We must first of all strengthen what we have, and then it will be necessary to provide the Library Administration with material opportunities to develop the necessary network of special library technical schools.

But the work of training and retraining librarians will be successful only if if the position of the librarian - both material and moral - will be improved. This needs a lot of care from the Library Board and Tsekpros. The librarian needs to be surrounded by the same attention and care that teachers are surrounded by. It is necessary that the best forces mobilize themselves on this front. Not without reason, back in 1919, Vladimir Ilyich, in a special letter to the extracurricular department, wrote about the need to organize socialist competition on the library front. Socialist competition is the way to advance the best workers, the way of turning their work into a practical demonstration of how things must be raised to the proper height. Competition, correctly staged, ignites the enthusiasm of workers in the area of ​​work where it is carried out.

A number of reasons - both our past lack of culture, and the weak organization of librarianship, and the need to focus on creating the basis for social construction - led to the fact that The library has not yet entered into life. It happens like this: there is a great accessible library at hand, but people do not know about its existence, and if they do, it never occurs to them that it can and should be used. Gotta do a lot of work to attract the general reader. Each library should acquire a reader asset that can do a lot to raise the work of the library to its proper height.

Ilyich believed that in library work, as well as in the elimination of illiteracy, it was important that the masses themselves take up this matter. They only need to be systematically instructed about the immediate tasks of library construction.

In the USSR, there are tried and tested ways to eliminate difficulties. We know how to mobilize forces. Now that the attention of the Party, the attention of the Soviet government, is directed to librarianship, there can be no doubt for a moment that things will move forward quickly. The Soviets and their sections will help, the press will help. The Komsomol is already joining this cause. Undoubtedly, the political departments of the MTS will help, letters are already coming from the political departments about libraries. The Tsekpros and the entire mass of enlightened people who understand the role of libraries in the building of socialism, who will teach both children and adults how to use the library, will help. The active workers, the shock workers of the collective farm fields will help, writers will help, engineering and technical workers, university workers and students will help, all Soviet bodies will help.

And then our Country of Soviets will become not only literate, it will become a reader, using all the achievements of science, everything that has been obtained by mankind for centuries in the field of knowledge, technology, art, it will absorb all the experience of applying knowledge in practice. The mass will learn to really learn. The development of librarianship will be a reinforcement for the school and will make its work many times easier.

1933

From the book `Master and Margarita`: a hymn to demonism? or the gospel of selfless faith author USSR Internal Predictor

11. An important rank of a prophet In the folk theology of Russian civilization, God is not the “almighty policeman”. That is, He does not require anyone to Himself: “Hey, you! Come here. Fall down! Do not make sudden movements! Listen, remember, tell others and let them do as I said…” God

From the book Ideas for a million, if you're lucky - for two author Bocharsky Konstantin

Difficult area Two years ago, Eurowindows introduced a new performance scale. In the first place, they put not the rate of return and the output per employee, but the number of repeated requests and calls on the recommendation. Now the share of such orders

From the book Betrayers of the USSR author Strigin Evgeny Mikhailovich

2.3. Health is an important factor in government 2.3.1. During the reign, the question of the health of the top leader clearly and urgently arose. However, after him this was also not a trifling matter. The path to power is thorny, especially to the highest power in the country. This path is not only thorny, it

From the book Sakura Branch author Ovchinnikov Vsevolod Vladimirovich

"Great construction projects of the era of stagnation" In Japan, you hear every now and then that the nineties turned out to be a "lost decade" for the country. It seemed that they confidently went to the world leaders, and now they had to give way to the championship again to the Americans. Unprecedentedly long recovery of the economic

From the book Children's Communist Movement. Pioneer and Komsomol work. Out-of-school work with children author

THE MOST IMPORTANT SECTION OF KOMSOMOL WORK Among other tasks, the Komsomol faces the most important task of carrying through to the end the work of emancipation of women so persistently carried out by our Communist Party.

From the book Preschool Education. Questions of family education and life author Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna

AN IMPORTANT DOMESTIC QUESTION A very interesting book by L. M. Sabsovich "Cities of the Future and the Organization of Socialist Life" has been published. I will not now touch on a number of problems addressed in the book, I will touch on only one - the upbringing of children. The author solves this problem

From the book Librarianship. Reading huts. club establishments. Museums author Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna

PUBLIC WOMAN OF SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION It is no coincidence that the magazine for which I am writing this article is called “Social Woman.” Social work, as our party has always said, pulls a woman out of narrow family isolation, expands her horizon, raises her consciousness

From the book The Sobyanin Phenomenon. Who makes presidents author Kungurov Alexey Anatolievich

THE LIBRARY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SECTION OF THE CULTURAL FRONT (SPEECH ON RADIO) During the sixteen years of the existence of Soviet power, a lot of valuable things have been done on the library front, a very big initiative has been shown, a lot of new things have been introduced into librarianship - something that is fundamentally

From the book Literaturnaya Gazeta 6347 (No. 46 2011) author Literary Newspaper

2.4. Where is the money from? From the construction site, of course, it's time to ask the question: where did Sobyanin get the money to hold free lotteries and material incentives for members of election commissions at all levels (it’s not for nothing that they reject objectionable candidates and “correctly” consider

From the book America ... People live! author Zlobin Nikolay Vasilievich

Polling station of Club DS Polling station of Club DS Viktor BOGORAD Mikhail LARICHEV

From the book Agony or the Dawn of Russia. How to cancel a death sentence? author Kalashnikov Maxim

Water is an important indicator of the quality of life One of my colleagues in Washington, an immigrant from former USSR, moved to the US with a young son who suffered severely from allergies. In general, allergies are, as far as I can see, a big problem in America, including among

From the book Editorials -2 author Kryukov Fedor Dmitrievich

True Democracy as a Critical Success Factor But we are writing about a new, Great, Russia. So, the supreme power in it belongs to a strong, nationally and socially oriented elite. Let's not get hung up on the issue of the supreme political

From the book Expert No. 41 (2013) author Expert Magazine

UST-MEDVEDITSK BATTLE SITE "Donskiye Vedomosti", 1919: - No. 223. October 1/14. S. 2; - No. 239. 20 Oct. (November 2). FROM.

From the book Massacre 1993. How Russia was shot author Burovsky Andrey Mikhailovich

Tsars and gods of construction Olga Ruban In Russia, a category of management engineers has been formed, capable of managing responsible and technologically complex industrial construction projects. Their competencies, experience and desire to rebuild their country, if they competently

From the book Islam and Politics [Collection of Articles] author Ignatenko Alexander

Another important "fellow traveler" No less characteristic is another "fellow traveler of Yeltsin and Gaidar", Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoi. To a large extent, this is the exact opposite of Khasbulatov ... In 1991-1993, the details of Rutskoy's biography were either omitted altogether or falsified -

Malta attracted special attention two years ago, when a family of mammoths appeared at the entrance to the ancient village. Surprisingly, many residents of the Angara region until that time did not even suspect that one of the largest sites of the Paleolithic era was located next to them. It all started with the fact that back in 1929, the peasant Saveliev decided to deepen the cellar at home. During the excavations, he discovered a huge old bone, which, however, did not impress him. He threw it over the fence, and the local boys immediately found a use for it, adapting it as a sled. However, the head of the village reading room took a closer look at the curiosity and reported it to Irkutsk. The famous archaeologist Mikhail Gerasimov immediately went to Malta and discovered an ancient site. This news stunned the entire scientific world. From the bowels of the Malta land, such unique artifacts as miniature female figurines, Venuses, the burial of a child with rich inventory and a bead made from a mineral called "tiger's eye" were recovered.

The church collapsed in silence
The beautiful large village of Malta is divided into two parts - the right and left banks of the Belaya River. The right side is more modern. It was formed after the railway was built. All socially significant objects are located here: the local administration, the school, the House of Culture, the Maltinskoye mineral water enterprise and the remains of a sanatorium that once thundered throughout the region.

But the left side is a real historical treasury. Along the main street - Lenin - stretches the former Moscow tract, along which convicts and soldiers moved several centuries ago. During the journey, they made a short stop in Malta: they rested, changed horses. This episode from the history of the village was recreated by the Malta people on one of the village holidays. Dressed in rags and tatters, they depicted how convicts moved along the Moscow highway.

At the corner of the street, there is still a two-story old house in which there was a tract hotel. According to the residents, Anton Chekhov once stayed there. Then, many years later, the building was turned into a maternity hospital.

It is known that not all convicts withstood the long road. Often the martyrs found their last resting place here. They were buried without a funeral, and it was for this reason that the inhabitants decided to build a church in the village. They sent a petition to Tsar Alexander I and, without waiting for an answer, began to collect money.

Initially, it was decided to build a two-aisled temple, but over time, the plans changed, and as a result, a large three-aisled church was erected. The main chapel is in the name of the Ascension of the Lord, the second - the Kazan Mother of God, and the third - in the name of St. Innocent. The temple was made to last. For its construction, large old bricks made from local clay were used. In order for them to hold on tighter, a huge amount of eggs was added to the solution. Residents themselves carried them from their yards. Everyone wanted to contribute to a good cause.

In 1810, two smaller aisles were consecrated, and the turn of the most important came only 23 years later, as there were difficulties with money. A parochial school was also opened near the church. 10 people graduated first. At the same time, according to the recollections of old-timers, at that time there were more boys than girls. In its original form, the temple served until the revolution.

During civil war 1918, it was used to zero in artillery pieces by both Reds and Whites. The church was shelled from all sides. In February 20, when Malta was under martial law, the Reds fired back from the Kappelites from the bell tower.

In 1933 the temple was closed. Part of the premises was fenced off and equipped as a warehouse, and the church territory was given over to sports grounds and buildings. For some time in the temple on the second floor there was an office of a brick factory, then it was given over to a club. Workers of the Malta culture showed films, arranged dances. This is where the people gathered for gatherings. During the time when the temple was not used for its intended purpose, it began to be gradually dismantled for needs. Since the brick was very good quality, in the 30-40s the military took him to the barracks.

The last who found shelter in the church for a while was the general store. True, he did not work for long, and after the building was empty, it began to collapse. During the 2009 earthquake most of The walls of the temple crumbled, and two years later only ruins remained from it.

It was very quiet that day. At about 17.30 they heard a terrible crack, and the temple collapsed. On my own. Apparently, his time has come. No one went there anymore, no one looked in, - says Galina Kolomiets, curator of the school museum of local lore. - It's a pity, of course, the church. Architectural monument. Maybe someday a new temple will be built in its place. After all, this is a sacred place.

Venuses, beads and ancient burials
In Malta, there is also the world-famous site of an ancient man. The story of how a local resident dug up a mammoth bone has long turned into a legend that the older generation tells to the young. For several decades, expeditions visited here every season. From the ground, archaeologists recovered the bones of a mammoth, a woolly rhinoceros, deer antlers, tools of labor of primitive people, jewelry and household items.

This ancient monument has attracted hundreds of thousands of tourists and archaeologists from all over the world. Everyone wanted to get to know the unique artifacts better. Scientists have found that on the site of Malta 21-23 thousand years ago there was a tundra, through which herds of mammoths, rhinos and bison roamed. Their meat served as food primitive people, and dwellings were built from skins and bones.

In 1958, Mikhail Gerasimov, who was the first to study the Malta culture, was replaced by his student, professor and archaeologist German Medvedev. He also unearthed many amazing artifacts. Among them, for example, small figurines of women. They had clearly cut lips, profiled nostrils and a miniature chin. There were 30 such figurines, named after Venus. Another find is an ancient bead made from the tiger's eye mineral. It is noteworthy that until now this mineral was found only in India and southern Afghanistan.

In Malta, the only burial of a child in the region with rich decorations was found: beads and pendants from mammoth tusk, fragments of the image of a flying bird, flint products and a bracelet.

They burned fires, sang to the guitar
Archaeological research also aroused genuine interest among local residents. The children often visited the expedition members, watched how they work.

Previously, there was even a sign "Parking of the ancient man." Outsiders were not allowed to enter. But when I was young, we often ran there. In the 80s, archaeologists set up a tent city and worked here for the whole season, three or four months. Students and young people came mainly from Irkutsk, they burned fires, played the guitar. And we joined them, - recalls Dinara Salikhovna, a resident of Malta.

From the first grade, young "archaeologists" have trodden a path here. They were interested in the whole process of work: how the first layer of earth is removed, working with scrapers and brushes, extracting products, taking measurements and photographing artifacts.

It's impossible to describe. Need to see. I have never seen such meticulous work, every millimeter of the earth is explored. Archaeologists are kind to each discovered exhibit. Handle them very carefully so as not to cause damage.

True, there is one significant minus in this Malta attraction. Since the whole village is essentially an archaeological heritage zone, any construction, earthworks are prohibited here. And for the residents, this is a very big problem. In order to obtain permission to build any object, even a small shed or bath, they need to go through many instances. Those who wish to simply take the land for a garden are subject to the same procedure. Some of the Maltinians tried to prevent this "disgrace" and erected buildings without permission. However, the supervisory authorities, having learned about the violation, immediately came and punished the perpetrator with a ruble.

mammoth and dentist
In the early 2000s, due to lack of funding, the excavations stopped, and only two or three years ago they were resumed. In 2014, archaeologists of the Irkutsk state university on the bank of the river found the remains of a mammoth. First, they stumbled upon an animal's tooth, which was hiding immediately under the turf, then, digging deeper, they found the rest of the remains: fragments of the skull, leg bones, and ribs. All of them were located in an ancient frost crack, on an area of ​​about one and a half meters. The age of the deposits was approximately 25 thousand years.

According to Dmitry Lokhov, a research engineer at the Department of Archeology, Ethnology and the History of the Ancient World, it is possible that the baby mammoth became the prey of an ancient man. He was beaten off from the herd and driven into a trap. This can be judged by the appearance and location of the remains. Archaeologists have found chopped leg bones and a skull. The teeth were separate. The ribs were also chopped up and piled in one pile.

In 2015 research work in Malta were launched later, already in early September.

Excavations were carried out right along the fences, along the entire length of Proizvodstvenny Lane. They dug about three meters deep, and everything was under the film from above, - says Dinara. - This time we placed the expedition members in the House of Culture, heated the bathhouse, gave them tea. Work continued until mid-November. In the cold they stoked the stove. While the excavations were going on, a temporary bypass road was paved for the residents. After the completion of the work, the alley was returned to its original appearance. We do not know what archaeologists discovered, we only know that there were many elements of animal bones.

On Beregovaya Street, along which excavations were carried out for many years, none of the former inhabitants remained. The old died, the young left. The new tenants only know that there is an ancient man's site here. True, sometimes someone finds curious fragments. So, last year, after a heavy downpour, Natalya Burlakova, going down to the shore, accidentally

poked at an object unusual shape. At first she thought it was a stone, but after looking closely, she decided that it looked more like a tooth. The experts confirmed her suspicions. She donated her find to the school museum. It is noteworthy that she found the tooth not on the left bank, where the parking lot is located, but on the right. How he got there remains a mystery. At least Galina Kolomiets jokingly tells the children at school that the mammoth went to the dentist.

Another exhibit of the school local history museum is a huge vertebra. Fishermen caught it in the river. For a long time they did not know where to attach it, and then they decided to take it to the museum. The jaw of an unknown animal, a bone from the thigh of a woolly rhinoceros and a copy of Venus, which was presented to the museum by German professor Nana Nauwald, are also kept here.

Cucumbers are salted on spring water
The site of an ancient man is not the only attraction of Malta. Who does not know the bottled mineral water of the same name? It is implemented throughout the Irkutsk region and beyond. The source is privately owned. One entrepreneur took a plot for himself, drilled a well on it and started profitable business. Residents of Malta and all unauthorized persons are not allowed to enter there, but they don’t need it. They have their own source. Anyone can come and draw spring water for themselves. It tastes slightly salty. As the Maltinians assure, it contains many useful substances. Usually she is treated for the gastrointestinal tract. To do this, you need to drink 100 grams of water in the morning and evening. Housewives make good pickles based on this water. Salted cucumbers are especially successful. There is a chapel next to the spring.

Sanatorium "Maltinskiy" - another pride of the village - has long sunk into oblivion. In his golden years, people came here on vacation from the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Buryatia, the Chita Region, and Yakutia. The sanatorium served up to 1000 people per season. People were attracted by the local beauty and therapeutic mud, which was mined from the Popovskie lakes. They helped with diseases of the joints and the musculoskeletal system. Mud is still there today, only Usolsk clinics use it.

Now from the former rest home there is only a sign at the entrance to the village and two buildings - an office and a dining room. Other buildings either burned down or were dismantled for needs. A few years ago, these two buildings turned into ordinary residential buildings. The district administration plans to create an open-air museum on the territory of the former rest home. True, no one knows when the desired will come true.

Selfie on a mammoth
The only attraction that appeared here for recent times, - a family of mammoths. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the celebration of the 90th anniversary of the Usolsky district. First, a mother and a mammoth appeared in an open area in front of Malta, and later dad joined them. The sculptural composition was made by the famous master from Telma Ivan Zuev.

I immediately decided that it would be a little mammoth, pulling my mother out of the icy water. On the one hand, this is salvation, on the other hand, it is an awakening. Mammoth seems to symbolize our young generation, which is trying to pull information about the past from the depths of centuries. About what we have already forgotten. I wish people would remember this. Many simply do not know what unique treasures are stored in the bowels of this village, - Ivan Zuev noted.

The manufacturing technology of the sculpture is identical to that used to create the Motherland Calls statue in Volgograd. In addition, a special bronzing technique was used. This creation is guaranteed for 50 years. As soon as the family of mammoths settled in the countryside, cars drive towards them in an endless stream. People take photos, selfies against the background of ancient animals, and someone tries to climb on the back of a mammoth.

Tourists are attracted by the cellar
Malta children are still trying to find unique artifacts. They carry all their finds to the local history museum. Every year there is a competition for the most interesting ancient exhibit. Schoolchildren bring antique utensils, household items. However, today even such devices as a home landline telephone, radio, and tape recorder have historical value for them. The Angarsk geological expedition, based in Malta, donated a set of stones to the museum, and a local watchmaker brought a lot of interesting watch movements. Among his presents are a ship's clock, counting time with the accuracy of the Kremlin.

The pride of the school is the school theater "Voice", which will celebrate its 30th anniversary next year. The theater repertoire is impressive. Among the productions: "Juno and Avos", "Master and Margarita", "12 chairs" and much more. Actors are both children and the entire teaching staff. It also hosts regional theater festivals, master classes.

In general, according to the residents, they have a good, calm village. Groups of tourists visit Malta every summer. It is interesting for everyone to look at the place where mammoths, woolly rhinos lived many thousands of years ago. They are especially attracted by the house, in the cellar of which the first artifacts were dug out. True, the tenants there have changed a long time ago and outsiders are not allowed into their site. And there is nothing to look at there anymore - everything is overgrown with grass and beds. The regional authorities have been brewing for a long time the idea of ​​organizing a tourist route around the Malta archaeological heritage sites. It remains only to bring this idea to life.

Sergei Kez

This station has worldwide fame, which few people in Russia know about. Passengers of the Trans-Siberian Railway crossing Russia can say with good reason that they have passed through Malta. Connoisseurs of geography should not boil: on the map there was a place not only for the island state of Malta, but also for stations with the same
name. Moreover, the inhabitants of Siberian Malta are proud of their history no less than the Mediterranean.

Malta from Buryat means "bird-cherry place". With the current head of the station, Andrey Drachuk, no matter how hard we tried, we could not find even a hint of the remains of bird cherry thickets. Either the first builders of the great Siberian road completely reduced this shrub with black tart berries, or it disappeared for unknown reasons even before their arrival. Could not shed light on the botanical incident and the head of the local municipality Sergei Miller, in the recent past, also a railway worker. True, by joint efforts they successfully overcame that part of the story that concerned the most noticeable historical events 333-year-old village.

Malta takes its origin from the monastery village, which belonged to the Ascension Monastery of Irkutsk. The date of foundation is considered to be 1675. The village, apparently, was destined to be first a postal station, and then a railway station. The Senate decree on the construction of a high road from Moscow to Irkutsk was signed in 1731, and almost three decades later the road reached Malta. The landmark, according to historians, was the old shackled path along which convicts and settlers trudged. Neither Radishchev, nor Chernyshevsky, nor the Decembrists, nor the exiled Poles passed Malta. History repeated itself in the 20th century, when a camp for Japanese prisoners of war appeared in the village.

The life of Malta changed dramatically after the arrival of the railway: it was divided, as it were, into two parts railway and purely rural. Over time, the railroad came to dominate. A school, a rest home, shops appeared here. In a word, the center of business and cultural life has shifted closer to the railway.

But the real glory of Malta was brought by excavations, when it turned out that almost all of its territory is a unique monument of the Paleolithic era. And it all started, according to the old-timers, as it often happens, anecdotally. In 1929, a local peasant, Savelyev, was deepening his cellar, and during this simple occupation, he hardly pulled a giant bone out of the ground. Savelyev did not attach much importance to the curiosity, and a few days later the Maltese children began to use the find as a sled. The head of the village reading room turned out to be a more knowledgeable person he reported the bone of strange size to the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore. Anthropologist, archaeologist, historian and sculptor Mikhail Gerasimov, known to the whole world today, appeared without delay in Malta.
Continuing to deepen the Savelyevsky cellar, the archaeologist, to indescribable delight, discovered the bones of a mammoth, art products from his tusks and the remains of other long-disappeared animals. This is how the oldest human settlement was found in Siberia.
And then the discoveries rained down like from a cornucopia. For several decades, and Gerasimov continued his archaeological research until 1959, and not only in the cellar, he found many bone human figures. All of them were female. According to the scientist, this was due to the fact that the ancient Maltese had a matriarchy. According to him, more than two tens of thousands of years ago, there was a tundra on the site of Malta, along which herds of mammoths, rhinos and bison slowly moved. They served as the main object of production. The ancient Maltese ate the meat of animals, and built a chum from the bones, and used deer antlers woven together as a roof. Skins were thrown over this frame of bones, which were pressed down by massive skulls and mammoth tusks. (It is curious that in Mediterranean Malta, the discovery of, for example, the Hypogeum was accompanied by similar events: the owner of the land accidentally discovered a hole leading to underground caves. note site)

Excavations by archaeologists with varying degrees of intensity continue to this day.
Here, wherever you poke a shovel, with luck, you can get to the world sensation, because the entire territory of Malta, according to the student of Mikhail Gerasimov, Irkutsk scientist, Professor German Medvedev, has long been declared a continuous zone of archaeological heritage. With all the ensuing restrictions for local residents: getting a land plot for construction or starting it, Sergei Miller admitted, is a big problem. Things will get off the ground only when scientists issue a permit.
But the head of the local government himself dreams of the time when the world fame of Malta will begin to bring at least some penny to the skinny municipal budget.

- It was quite possible to organize a paid tour of the sites of ancient man already discovered in the region. We are late, but we are even making a museum for this purpose, which will be located in the building of the former parochial school, which, by the way, is also a local old-timer this house is almost old. And archaeologists have long been notified: dig, but some of the artifacts found are for us. And then, after all, there is practically not a single good exhibit all in Moscow and in St. Petersburg. In a word, a shoemaker without boots, says Sergei Miller.

And finally, we go to the famous Maltese springs. A mug of cold salt water goes around in circles. Sergei Miller promises to give me a book about the history of Malta, written by retired teachers Anatoly Grechenko and his wife Antonina, along with other family members.

And I am trying to find with my eyes such a piece of the landscape, where there would not be a single sign of modernity, in order to imagine how herds of mammoths wandered here thousands of years ago. I think I found it, giant animals will appear now. But a nearby locomotive buzzed, and the delusion was gone.