Over fifty-six years of space exploration, about six hundred people have visited beyond the Earth. Among them were Kazakhs - real heroes modern history Kazakhstan. The first Kazakh cosmonaut was Toktar Aubakirov, a guy who managed to make the dream of most children of the Soviet Union come true. How was his life before and after his flight into orbit? More on this later.
Toktar Aubakirov: biography
The future space explorer was born on July 27, 1946 in the family of the blacksmith Ongarbay. Together with his mother Kamilya and two sisters, the guy lived in a village at the collective farm named after the First of May in the Karaganda region.
The name given to the boy is not accidental. It comes from the word “tokta”, which translates as ‘stop’. This is traditionally the name given to children born after a series of miscarriages or several girls born in a row.
With eight years of school behind him, Toktar got a job as a turner at a plant in Temirtau in 1962. A year earlier, the country was rocked by the feat of Yuri Gagarin, who made the first flight into space. Thousands of boys dreamed of repeating his experience, and Toktar was no exception. Unlike most, the young man did not have his head in the clouds, but confidently walked towards his dream.
Therefore, in parallel with work, he attended evening classes to receive a complete secondary education. In addition, in 1961, Toktar received a third category in parachuting, and three years later he enrolled in a flight training center.
After completing his studies at evening school, Aubakirov joined the army. During his service, Toktar graduated from an aviation university in the city of Armavir and received the specialty “pilot engineer”. Having retired to the reserve, Captain Aubakirov continued his studies at the Fedotov Test Pilot School.
From 1976 to 1990, he worked in his specialty at the aircraft plant in Ulan-Ude and the Design Bureau named after. Mikoyan, continues his studies at the Moscow Aviation Institute, where he receives an engineer's diploma in the field of aerohydromechanics.
During his fifteen years as a test pilot, Toktar Aubakirov repeatedly risked his life, testing the flight qualities of more than fifty different types of aircraft. These were mainly military aircraft:
- MiG-27.
- MiG-31B.
- MiG-23.
- MiG-25.
- MiG-29K.
On the MiG-31B interceptor, Toktar Aubakirov made the first flight to the North Pole without landing. As part of this test, aerial refueling systems were tested.
Aubakirov also distinguished himself during testing of the newest (at that time) aircraft-carrying cruiser Tbilisi. He was one of the first to land on the deck and take off from the ship's ramp.
For services to his homeland and courage shown during testing of the latest technology, Toktar Ongarbaevich was awarded the “Gold Star”, the Order of Lenin and the title “Hero of the USSR”. In the early 1990s, Aubakirov received the distinction “Honored Test Pilot.” This was the peak of my career, then there was only space.
Toktar Aubakirov - the first cosmonaut of Kazakhstan: achievements
In 1990, Aubakirov was offered to become an astronaut. He agreed, and a year later his candidacy was approved. Toktar successfully passed all medical examination tests and received permission to train.
The team was formed in three months. Together with Toktar Aubakirov, Valery Korzun and Alexander Alexandrov were supposed to go to the Mir orbital station. However, the flight, scheduled for November 1991, was canceled due to the merger of the flight programs of the USSR and Austria.
The start date was postponed to October, and instead of the previous candidates, the team included:
- Alexander Volkov.
- Franz Viböck.
- Toktar Aubakirov.
After completing the training, the team on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Aubakirov and his Austrian colleague spent a little over a week on board the space station Toktar, after which they returned to Earth as part of the crew of the Soyuz TM-12 module.
During the launch, Toktar was assigned the call sign “Donbass-2”, and upon returning home the cosmonaut responded to “Ozone-2”. Having recovered from the flight, Aubakirov received the Order of the October Revolution.
Even before the flight to the Mir station, Toktar Aubakirov became a deputy of the Supreme Council Kazakh SSR. After the flight, he continued his political and social activities.
After the collapse of the USSR, the hero-cosmonaut became a member of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since 1993, he has headed the state space agency. A year before, he received the position of First Deputy Minister of Defense of Kazakhstan. In the early 2000s, he served as Advisor to the President on space issues.
During the Mazhilis elections in 2004, Toktar received more than 57% of the votes in the 44th district of Kyzylorda. Five years later he joined the opposition Azat party. Subsequently, he was nominated from her to the lower house of the Mazhilis in 2012. After this, Toktar leaves its ranks and becomes an adviser to the national company Kazakhstan Temir Zholy.
The first cosmonaut of Kazakhstan is married to Tatyana Mikhailovna Aubakirova. The couple have two sons. The first-born Timur was born in 1977. He graduated with honors from New York University and earned the title “National Pride of the American People.” The youngest son, Mikhail, was born in 1982.
When Toktar flew into space, his children were 14 and 9 years old, respectively. It is difficult to imagine what pride and fear for their father overcome the sons. Fortunately, everything ended well. Now Toktar Aubakirov lives and works in Astana.
It is amazing how versatile and strong-willed a person Toktar Aubakirov grew up to be, especially considering that the boy actually grew up without a father. The head of the family died when his son was barely three years old.
Toktar Aubakirov is not only a test pilot and cosmonaut, but also an Honored Master of Sports in volleyball, professor and Doctor of Technical Sciences. Now the great Kazakhstani is over seventy years old. Let us wish him to live as long as possible so that he can guide future generations by his example.
April 12, 2016 marks 55 years since the day of the first man's flight into space. This holiday is celebrated in the post-Soviet space since 1962. Among those there were many natives of Kazakhstan, who subsequently moved for permanent residence to Russia. This:
Vladimir Aleksandrovich SHATALOV, born on December 8, 1927 in the city of Petropavlovsk, Akmola province, Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
Made his first flight into space as commander of the Soyuz-4 spacecraft. January 14-17, 1969.
Yuri Valentinovich LONCHAKOV born on March 4, 1965 in the city of Balkhash, Dzhezkazgan region, Kazakh SSR. In 1998, Lonchakov graduated from the Higher Military Engineering Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky and was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps. However, he never flew into space.
Alexander Stepanovich VIKTORENKO born on March 29, 1947 in the village of Olginka, Sergievsky district, North Kazakhstan region of the Kazakh SSR.”
Alexander Stepanovich made the first space flight from July 22 to July 30, 1987 as a crew commander on the Soyuz TM-3 spacecraft together with A.P. Aleksandrov and M. Faris (Syria) and on the Mir orbital complex together with Yu.V. Romanenko and A.I. Laveikin. Returned to Earth with A. Laveykin and M. Faris on the Soyuz TM-2. The flight lasted 7 days 23 hours 04 minutes 55 seconds.
As for the astronauts who live and work for the benefit of their historical homeland, the first conqueror of the sky was .
He was born on July 27, 1946 in the Karkaraly district of the Karaganda region of the Kazakh SSR.
On October 12, 1991, Toktar Aubakirov flew into space. He became the first Kazakh and last Soviet cosmonaut.
1. On October 10, 1991, he returned to Earth together with Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky and Austrian cosmonaut Franz Viebeck aboard the Soyuz T-12 spacecraft. The duration of stay in space was 7 days 22 hours 13 minutes.
2.Aubakirov Not only is he the number one cosmonaut, he was also one of the first to participate in an experiment in which he first tried freeze-dried dishes of Kazakh national cuisine, specially developed by scientists to feed astronauts: - ayran, irimshik and Kazakh meat.
Talgat MUSABAYEV
Was born January 7, 1951 in the village of Kargaly, Jampul district, Alma-Ata region, Kazakhstan.
On September 13, 1991, by decision of the International Commission for Space and Space Commission, he was awarded the qualification of a test cosmonaut.
Made three space flights. Total duration of stay in space - 341 days 9 hours 48 minutes 41 seconds.
First flight - from July 1 to November 4, 1994 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM-19 spacecraft and the Mir spacecraft under the EO-16 program.
1. Talgat Musabaev is also People's Hero Kazakhstan and pilot-cosmonaut of Kazakhstan No. 2.
2.Talgat Musabaev is included in the Guinness Book of Records: before him, no one had been in outer space for more than a day during one flight.
Aydin AIMBETOV
The Kazakhstani cosmonaut is the first citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan to fly into space.
From September 2 to September 12, 2015 he made a space flight as flight engineer-2 of the manned transport spacecraft (TPS) Soyuz TMA-18M to the International Space Station (ISS).
He was a member of the visiting expedition EP-18 to the ISS. Returned to Earth on the Soyuz TMA-16M TPK. The flight duration was 9 days 20 hours 13 minutes 51 seconds.
1. got a job at the Schoolchildren's Palace in Astana, as a teacher at the School of Young Cosmonauts and as the head of a 3D modeling group.
2.Prefers family bike rides, roller skating in summer, and skiing in winter.
Cosmonautics Day in Primary School
Class hour dedicated to Cosmonautics Day for students primary school
Compiled by : Travneva Olga Yurievna, teacher primary classes KSU “Secondary school No. 21 village. Saryozek" Osakarovsky district, Karaganda region Kazakhstan
Subject: Kazakhstan is a space power.
Tasks.
To form general concepts about space, about space exploration and its use in the national economy.
Broaden the horizons of students, activate their thinking ability.
To educate students in the spirit of patriotism, national pride for their Motherland, using the fact that Kazakhstan is one of the few states that have a cosmodrome on its territory.
Equipment: visual material (Baikonur, photo by Yu. A. Gagarin, photo by Tokhtar Aubakirov, photo by Talgat Musabaev).
Progress of the class hour.
1.The teacher's word.
When we talk about space, we imagine the endless sky, the Moon, the Sun, and many sparkling stars. The Kazakh land is also associated with space. It is here that Baikonur is located - the cosmodrome from which ships launch into the vast world of stars.
Baikonur Rocket launch 
On April 12, 1961, an event occurred that shocked the whole world. Yuri Gagarin, the first cosmonaut, launched from Baikonur on the Vostok spacecraft. For the first time, man defeated the gravity of the Earth and stepped into space.
Photo by Yu. Gagarin 
Then this event did not leave a single earthling indifferent. And not without reason. To launch a spacecraft with a person on board, talented designers, precise calculations, sophisticated technology and the heroism of people were needed. Huge amounts of money were spent on the preparation and launch of the space rocket, hundreds of scientists and thousands of workers were involved.
Since then, space exploration has begun to develop at a rapid pace. In a short period, many artificial Earth satellites were launched into orbit, the Salyut orbital stations and a joint Russian-American station were launched, designed to carry out long-term missions. research work. Freight spaceships the necessary equipment is delivered to it. Research programs at the station have been significantly expanded and complicated.
Spacecraft are used to study natural satellite our planet - the Moon. Automatic stations flew around the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and brought the latest scientific facts to Earth.
Artificial satellites provide great assistance to the national economy. Using photographs taken from space and the results of special research, one can judge mineral reserves, study weather phenomena, observe changes in the atmosphere, and make accurate scientific conclusions. Biological experiments are also carried out in space. Currently, one of the most reliable and profitable means of communication is satellite communication, which is well used for transmitting television and radio programs.
During the Soviet Union, the Baikonur Cosmodrome was directly subordinate to Moscow. Now this complex, consisting of complex engineering structures equipped with special instruments at the level of the latest technological advances, is used jointly by Russia and Kazakhstan. Huge financial resources are required to conduct research in space. But this research is paying off.
The first Kazakh cosmonaut Tokhtar Aubakirov launched into space from the soil of his homeland. It was in 1991, when the Republic of Kazakhstan declared its independence. Before flying into space, Tokhtar Aubakirov studied and worked a lot. He graduated from the Armavir Higher Military Aviation School, the Moscow Aviation Institute, and served as a test pilot. He prepared for a flight into space at the Cosmonaut Training Center. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The government of our country awarded Tokhtar Aubakirov the title of Halyk Kaharmany (People's Hero).
Photo by Tokhtar Aubakirov 
In 1994, 1998 and 2001, another Kazakh cosmonaut Talgat Musabaev visited space three times. For his first successful flight, which lasted almost 126 days, he was awarded the titles of Halyk Kaharmany of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Hero of the Russian Federation.
In 1998, Talgat Musabaev was the commander of the international crew, the flight engineer was a Russian cosmonaut, and the research cosmonaut was a Frenchman. The flight lasted more than 207 days.
In 2001, Talgat Musabaev was the commander of the ship carrying the first space tourist.
Photo by Talgat Musabaev 
The Baikonur Cosmodrome is of great international importance. Here, artificial satellites are launched into space from countries that do not have their own spaceports and rockets.
2. Expressive reading of an excerpt from O. Suleimenov’s poem “Earth, bow to Man!”
...Unravel:
Why do people reach for the stars?
Why in our songs
Is the hero a falcon?
Why is everything beautiful
What he created
The man, after a pause,
Calls him tall?
Rivers plow the fields,
City over the river -
At dawn
And, like a heart, the Earth flies,
Intertwined with river veins.
It's not easy to make paths
Until yesterday's misty stars,
But it's harder to find on earth
Path,
What I carried in my heart,
Who passed through the earth like a river,
Which has bound the cities forever,
That ray raged in the darkness,
Illuminating your years.
It's not easy
But you must find the Way
What's in the heart about the stars
Dones,
The earthly path is a continuation of the path
Until today bright stars…
Why do you think people are drawn to
to the stars?
Conversation on issues.
What is "space"?
What is a "cosmodrome"? What is the name of the cosmodrome in Kazakhstan?
What astronauts do you know?
What is needed for space exploration?
When did Yuri Gagarin make his flight into space?
How does space exploration benefit society?
Remember the date of the first flight into space.
What other astronauts have you learned about? Tell me.
Drawing on the theme "Space".
Students complete a drawing based on the class topic.
Summing up the class hour.
Tokhtar Aubakirov photograph
Born on July 27, 1946 in the village of the collective farm named after May 1, Karkaraly district, Karaganda region. Kazakh SSR.
In the Kazakh language, the name Toktar means “long-awaited”; he received this name because he was the first son in the family after two girls.
Education and scientific titles:
Graduated in 1965 high school working youth of the city of Temirtau.
In 1961 he entered the parachute section of DOSAAF, in which he fulfilled the 3rd category standard, and in 1963 he moved to the pilot section of the Karaganda Aviation Training Center.
In 1969 he graduated from the Armavir Higher Military Red Banner Aviation School of Air Defense Pilots (VVAUL) with the qualification “military pilot engineer”.
In May 1976, he graduated from the Test Pilot School of the LII of the Ministry of Aviation Industry (MAP) with the qualification of 3rd class test pilot.
Best of the day
In 1979 he graduated from the evening department of the Zhukovsky branch of the Moscow Order of Lenin Aviation Institute (MAI) named after. S. Ordzhonikidze with a degree in aerohydromechanical engineer.
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor.
In October 2006 he was awarded the title of honorary professor of the Academy civil aviation(AGA) Almaty (Kazakhstan).
Professional activities:
In 1956 he worked as an assistant combine operator at a machine and tractor station.
From 1962 to 1965 he worked as a turner at a foundry and mechanical plant in the city of Temirtau.
Since May 1976, he worked as a test pilot at an aircraft plant in the city of Ulan-Ude.
From August 1976 to the end of 1990, he worked as a test pilot at the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau and was the design bureau's deputy chief pilot. Conducted tests of the MiG-29 (“9-14”) (02/13/1985), MiG-31M/2 (“052”) (12/27/1986), MiG-29M/2 (1987), MiG-29K (“9- 31") (06/23/1988), MiG-31B (06/30/1989). Participated in tests of MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, MiG-29, MiG-31 and their modifications; conducted tests on refueling the MiG-31. He was a member of the naval test team, flew over the sea on MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-29 - both on twin aircraft and on combat vehicles. He worked a lot of time in Saki, Nikolaev, and actively participated in the development of the aircraft carrier part of the ship, and all aspects of the creation of an aircraft-carrying cruiser. On November 1, 1989, he was the second in the USSR (40 minutes after Viktor Pugachev on the Su-27K) to land a MiG-29K aircraft on the aircraft-carrying cruiser "Tbilisi" (which, after being accepted into the USSR Navy, was named "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov") . On the same day, an hour and a half after landing, the first aircraft from the USSR took off from the ski-jump of an aircraft carrier.
Since February 1992, he was the first deputy chairman of the State Defense Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK).
Since April 1993 he worked general director National Aerospace Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Since May 1996, he worked as an adviser to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on defense, defense industry and space.
Since April 2000, he worked for several years as Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Military service:
Since November 1969 he served as a pilot, since 1972 - as an aviation flight commander in Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Far Eastern Military District), flying the SU-15.
In January 1975 he was transferred from the Armed Forces to the reserve.
Military rank:
Lieutenant Engineer (1969).
Senior Lieutenant (1971).
Major of the reserve (05/26/1980).
Reserve Lieutenant Colonel (05/20/1990).
Reserve Colonel (Oct. 1991).
Major General of Aviation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1992)
Space training:
The first time he received an offer to become an astronaut was in 1985, but he refused, not wanting to give up his test work.
At the end of 1990, he was selected to participate in the Kazakh flight program. On January 21, 1991, his candidacy was urgently reviewed and approved by the State Medical Inspectorate, and only after that he was sent for a medical examination at the IBMP, which he successfully passed, having received the go-ahead from the doctors (though with some comments).
From May 20 to July 10, 1991, he was preparing for a flight under the Kazakhstan visiting expedition program as a cosmonaut-researcher of the main crew together with Valery Korzun and Alexander Alexandrov, scheduled for November 1991. In order to save money, on July 10, 1991, by decision of the State Commission, training was stopped and the crew was disbanded due to the unification of flights under the Kazakh and Soviet-Austrian program. From July 17 to September 13, 1991, he continued preparing for the flight under the Kazakhstan program and the Austromir-91 program as the first research cosmonaut as part of the main crew, together with Alexander Volkov and Franz Viböck (Austria). On September 13, 1991, after completing direct preparation for the flight and general space training, by decision of the Interdepartmental Qualification Commission, he was awarded the qualification of “test cosmonaut”.
First flight
From October 2 to October 10, 1991, as a cosmonaut-researcher of the visiting expedition to the Mir space station under the Kazakhstan program. Launched on the Soyuz TM-13 TC together with Alexander Volkov and Franz Vieböck (Austria), landing on the Soyuz TM-12 TC by Anatoly Artsebarsky and Franz Vieböck (Austria).
Call sign: “Donbas-2” (at launch)/“Ozone-2” (at landing).
The flight duration was 7 days 22 hours 12 minutes 40 seconds.
Honorary titles:
Hero of the Soviet Union (10/31/1988).
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (11/06/1990).
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR (1991).
Pilot-cosmonaut of Kazakhstan (1991).
People's Hero of Kazakhstan - Halyk Kaharmany (1995).
Honorary Academician of the Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1997).
Classiness:
Military pilot 1st class (1973).
Test pilot 5th class (1974).
Test pilot 4th class (1976).
Test pilot 3rd class (1977).
Test pilot 2nd class (1980).
Test pilot 1st class (1984).
Cosmonaut 3rd class (1991).
During his work, he mastered more than 50 types of aircraft.
Social and political activities:
In April 1990, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR of the 12th convocation.
In May 1994, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the 13th convocation.
In September 2004, he was elected as a deputy of the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the 3rd convocation in electoral district No. 44 (Kyzylorda city), gaining 57.4 percent of the votes.
Awarded the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin (10/31/1988), the Order of the October Revolution (1991), and the Order of the Badge of Honor (1978).
He was also awarded the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1995) and the Order of the Golden Cross of the Austrian Republic (1992).
Sports achievements:
Honored Master of Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has 1st category in volleyball.
Marital status:
Father - Aubakirov Ongarbai, (1896-1947), blacksmith.
Mother - Aubakirova (Ensebaeva) Kamilya, (1904-1968), was a hammerman in her husband's forge, then a housewife.
Sister - Aubakirova Biken Ongarbaevna, (1926-1995).
Sister - Aubakirova Zulpin Ongarbaevna, born in 1941.
Wife - Aubakirova (Malysheva) Tatyana Mikhailovna, born in 1951, engineer.
Son - Aubakirov Timur Toktarovich, born in 1977, graduated from Stoni Brook University in New York (USA) with the gold medal “National Pride of the American People”.
Son - Aubakirov Mikhail Toktarovich, born in 1982.
Hobbies:
Alpine skiing, winter hunting.
From 1976 to 1991 - test pilot
Since childhood, as long as I can remember, I have always dreamed of becoming a pilot. I saw the plane and fell in love for life. If you ask me who or what I love most, it would be the airplane.
One of the most striking events in my life happened in Karaganda. On a June day in 1965, I took to the skies for the first time on my own. "I'm flying, flying-I have wings!“- such were the emotions. Due to my youth, this was perceived much brighter and sharper; Over the years, the joy of flying has not gone away, but has become “rougher” compared to that youthful pure euphoria.
A pilot has two enemies - a feeling of fear and a feeling of heroism. In the first case, the pilot cannot do anything because of fear, the plane becomes stronger, and in the second case, he wants to do something that exceeds the capabilities of himself and his plane.
The village where I grew up is located next to village No. 5, where Nurken Abdirov, a Soviet pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union, was born. While growing up, I loved reading books about Bigeldinov, Lugansky, Bede. The atmosphere in which we, post-war children, grew up made it so that everyone dreamed of becoming a defender of the Motherland. So I dreamed of becoming a pilot.
Among the senior hero pilots, I always admired Talgat Bigeldinov, because he is Kazakh. I thought that I was also a Kazakh, which meant that someday I would be able to fly in the sky, just like him. I always imagined him as the embodiment of heroism, humanity, nobility and honesty. Having created such a halo around him in my head, I only confirmed the correctness of my assumptions by meeting and talking with him in person. His guidance helped me not to give up and always make every effort to improve myself on the way to becoming a test pilot.
He was large enough and tall for aviation - he was about one meter eighty tall. Broad-shouldered. The figure is powerful. By character, Toktar was a complex person. But we must give him his due: when the veterans left and I made him my deputy, he changed noticeably - he became softer, more sensitive towards his comrades, especially the younger ones. He always tried to help them and did everything possible for the team. And I was pleased to look at this transformation. Perhaps he had to fight with himself, but then he deserves all the more deep respect for the fact that he was able to overcome his own “I”. - excerpt from Menitsky’s book “My Heavenly Life”.
In 1991, Toktar Aubakirov began training at the Cosmonaut Training Center named after Yu. A. Gagarin
I always set a specific goal for myself. When I was offered to become an astronaut for the first time, I had not yet achieved my goal of becoming a test pilot myself. high class. But when the offer to fly into space came for the third time, I no longer had the right or reason to refuse.
It was not easy for me to leave my job and colleagues with whom I had experienced so much - both grief and joy, but when Nursultan Nazarbayev spoke about the importance of this space flight for the Kazakh people, I agreed without hesitation.
When the commander gave the traditional command “Let’s go!”, I said:
“It was sunny, Kazakh elim! From here on out, we all have to change the situation! "
I am a happy person, having given myself to the service of the people, I received much more - their love. I try to lead such a lifestyle so as not to fall in the eyes of the people and not lose their love.
Now Toktar Aubakirov lives in Astana. Since April 1992, he has been the first deputy chairman of the State Defense Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan and assistant to the President of Kazakhstan for space exploration. Aubakirov, at 70 years old, continues to serve the people of Kazakhstan.
The editors of The Steppe sincerely wish him long life, good health and prosperity!
Photo: Anuar Abdrakhmanov, archive
