There are two annual holidays in Islam - the holiday of breaking the fast - Eid al-Fitr (Eid al-Fitr), which marks the end of fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the holiday of sacrifice - Eid al-Adha (Eid al-Adha), which marks the end of the Hajj.
Both holidays begin with a festive prayer - Eid (ayt) prayer, which is performed 30-40 minutes after sunrise.
According to the Hanafi madhhab, ait prayer belongs to the category of wajib, i.e. obligatory for all those who are required to perform Friday prayers.
In other words, travelers, slaves and women are exempt from performing Eid prayer. However, if they wish, women can attend the holiday prayer, subject to the rules and etiquette of staying in the mosque.
It is advisable to take children with you to the holiday prayer so that they can also learn Islamic rituals, because this bright holiday is a joyful day for everyone - men and women, adults and children.
Ablution and attire
It is advisable for Muslims to perform ablution on this day, and for men to ensure that pleasant aromas emanate from their bodies. It is also advisable to dress in your best clothes. Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
“Umar took the jubba he had recently purchased from the market and went to the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Umar said: “Messenger of Allah, take this outfit and meet Eid and the delegations in it.”
Ibn Umar wore the best clothes on Eid Al-Fitr (Al Bukhari)
Eating before Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers
Before coming to the prayer of Eid al-Fitr (Feast of Breaking the Fast), according to the sunnah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, it is advisable to eat an odd number of dates or something sweet, thereby confirming the end of the fast.
It is reported that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“On the day of breaking the fast, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, never left the house (for Eid prayer) without eating a few dates.”
In another version (of this hadith) it is reported that (Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,) also said:
“...and (the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, usually) ate odd number(dates)." (Al Bukhari, 953)
However, on Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice), it is advisable not to eat before prayer, so that after finishing the prayer you can taste the meat of the sacrificial animal.
On the way to Eid prayer
On the way to the place of performing the holiday prayer, it is advisable to recite the takbir more often:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar! La ilaha illa-Llahu, wa-Llahu akbar! Allahu akbar, wa li-llahi-l-hamd!
Allah is great, Allah is great! There is no god but Allah, Allah is great! Allah is great, praise be to Allah!
How to perform the festive prayer of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha
Ait prayer is performed collectively under the guidance of an imam. It consists of two rak'ahs and differs from other prayers in that in each rak'ah of the holiday prayer an additional three takbirs are performed.
In the first rak'ah, after pronouncing the first takbir and the dua "sana", three more takbir are pronounced. In the second rak'ah, after reading the Koran, before making the bow, three more takbirs are pronounced, and then another takbir for the bow.
In total, in each rakah, in the position of qiyam, a total of 8 takbirs are pronounced.
Adhan and kamat are not said before prayer.
After the festive prayer, all Muslims congratulate each other with the wish: “Eid Mubarak!” - "Have a blessed holiday!"
Holiday khutbah (sermon)
After completing the holiday prayer, the imam, according to the sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, reads a short khutbah on Arabic. It is not advisable to get up and leave immediately after completing the prayer; you must remain in place and listen to the khutbah to the end. Performing Eid prayer without a khutbah or reading a khutbah before prayer is undesirable (makruh).
It is reported that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“I attended the Eid prayers conducted by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman, may Allah be pleased with them, and they all prayed before the sermon.”
Congratulations on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha
There is no doubt about the need to congratulate people on the arrival of Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha. In this case, the following words are pronounced:
So "Abballa Allah Minna wa Minkum! May Allah accept this from us and from you!
A hadith narrated by Jabir bin Nafir states:
“When they met on Eid, the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to each other: “May Allah accept from us and from you.”
Returning home from Eid prayer
When returning from the place of prayer, according to the sunnah of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, it is advisable to change the route, i.e. If you came one way, then it is advisable to return home another.
It is reported that Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
“On the day of the holiday, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) usually returned from prayer the wrong way (by which he went to it)” (Al-Bukhari, 986)
What is the best thing to do after Eid prayer?
On holidays you can cook festive table(dastarkhan), invite relatives, neighbors, friends. These days, maintaining family ties is especially encouraged, so we recommend visiting your family and friends. Be friendly and smiling. Give alms, do good.
Below is the procedure for performing the festive prayers of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
NIAT
- Intention
Having aligned the ranks, the one following the imam (muktadi) makes the intention:
“I intend to perform two rakats of the holiday prayer (Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha) behind the imam for the sake of Allah”
You need to stand straight, your eyes should look where your forehead falls at the moment of bowing to the ground (sajdah). Bowing your head and placing your chin on your chest is not advisable (makruh).
The feet should be positioned with the toes pointing towards the qibla. The gap between both feet should be small, about the size of a palm. You don't need to move your feet too close or spread your legs too wide.
I intend to perform two rak'ahs of the holiday prayer (Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha) behind the imam for the sake of Allah
- TAKBIR
Introduction to prayer
The imam recites the takbir “Allahu Akbar!” out loud. The person performing namaz behind the imam (muktadi) recites the opening takbir “Allahu Akbar” after the imam. All actions in prayer must be performed by the muktadi after the imam. You cannot be ahead of the imam in pronouncing takbir.
If the muktadi says the word “Akbar” before the imam says it, then the muktadi’s joining the imam will not be valid and he will need to say “takbiratul-ihram” again.
- KYYAM
In this position, both the imam and the one standing behind him quietly read the introductory dua “sana” (another name is “Subhanaka”):
Subhanakallahumma wa bihamdik, wa tabaraka smuk, wa ta'ala jadduk, wa la ilaha goyruk
- TAKBIR
Additional takbirs
Having finished reading the dua “Sana”, the imam pronounces the takbir out loud three times: “Allahu Akbar”, while raising his hands to the level of his earlobes and then lowering them along the seams.
The person performing namaz behind the imam (muktadi), following him, performs takbir in the same way, but says “Allahu Akbar” in a whisper.
Having performed takbir for the third time, the imam and muktadi fold their hands under the navel so that the right hand clasps the wrist of the left hand with the little finger and thumb. The index, middle and ring fingers are located along the outside of the hand and directed towards the elbow.
- KYRAAT
The one following the imam does not read “Isti’aza” and “Basmala”, but stands silently in the position of qiyama.
Then the imam performs qiraat out loud, i.e. reads Surah Al-Fatihah and an additional surah (verses).
The person standing behind the imam (muktadi) should not perform qiraat. He should listen silently to the qiraat of the imam.
At the end of Surah Al-Fatiha, it is advisable for both the imam and the muktadi to say “Amin” (“Amin” is pronounced quietly).
- At the end of the reading of the additional sura, the imam says out loud “Allahu Akbar” and makes a bow with his hand. The person praying behind the imam quietly says “Allahu Akbar” and, following the imam, also bows from the waist.
When making a waist bow, it is desirable that the back forms a right angle with the legs. Try to keep your neck straight, without lifting or lowering your head.
The palms are placed on the knees and clasped around them, but there is no need to press the fingers together. You should also try to straighten your arms.
In a bowing position, you should look at your feet.
In the ruku position, the worshiper says three times:
"Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim"
- RIGHTENING
Starting to straighten up after bowing from the waist, the imam says: “Sami Allahu liman hamidah,” and the one following him, straightening up, quietly says:
"Robbana wa lakal-hamd"
SAJDA
1 prostration
The imam pronounces the takbir: “Allahu Akbar,” and prostrates himself in sajdah (also “sujud”). The person praying behind him quietly pronounces takbir and follows the imam with sajdah.
In this case, first the knees are lowered, then the palms are placed, then the tip of the nose is touched to the floor, and then the forehead.
In the sajdah position, it is advisable to place your head between your palms.
The palms should not be too far from the head.
Elbows should not be pressed either to the sides or to the floor.
The stomach should not touch the hips. The fingers of the palms should be pressed together and placed so that they are directed towards the qibla. The forehead and nose should be pressed to the floor. The toes are pressed to the floor and directed towards the qibla. Make sure that your feet do not leave the floor during the entire prostration.
Some people perform sajdah without placing any of their toes on the floor for a moment. In this case, their prostration is considered unfulfilled, and accordingly, the entire prayer becomes invalid. Be very careful not to make this mistake!
In this position, it is advisable to quietly pronounce the words of praise to Allah three times: “Subhana robbiyal-aʼla,” calmly and without haste.
SEATING
After the first sajdah, the imam says out loud “Allahu Akbar” and sits on his thighs. The person following the imam quietly says “Allahu Akbar” and also sits on his hips.
Making a second prostration without fully straightening, just raising your head slightly, is unacceptable!
Submit left leg under you, and place your right one vertically, so that your fingers point towards the qibla. Some people tuck both legs under them and sit on their heels. This is wrong.
Place your palms on your thighs so that your fingertips line up with the edge of your knee without protruding beyond it.
Your gaze should be directed to your knees. In this position, the imam and muktadi quietly say: “Robbie gfir li, robbie ghfir li”
SAJDA
prostration
Then the imam again pronounces the takbir “Allahu Akbar” out loud and performs the second sujud. The person praying behind him quietly pronounces takbir and follows the imam with sajdah.
It is performed in the same way as the first one. After the second bow to the ground, the imam says out loud “Allahu Akbar” and returns to the vertical position (qiyam). The person praying behind him quietly pronounces takbir and, following the imam, stands in the position of qiyam.
It is advisable to get up like this: first lift your forehead off the floor, then your nose, then your hands, and then - without leaning on them - stand up. However, if it is difficult for a person due to age or health to stand up without leaning on his hands, he can first raise his knees, then his hands.
The first rak'ah of Ait (holiday) prayer ends here.
2 RAKAAT
TAKBIR
Additional takbirs
Returning to the position of qiyam, the imam performs qiraat out loud, i.e. reads Surah Al-Fatihah and an additional surah (verses).
The person standing behind the imam (muktadi) should not perform qiraat (reading the Koran). He should listen silently to the qiraat of the imam.
At the end of Surah Al-Fatiha, it is advisable for both the imam and the muktadi to say “Amin” (“Amin” is pronounced quietly).
Having finished the qiraat, the imam pronounces the takbir “Allahu Akbar” three times out loud, while raising his hands to the level of his earlobes and then lowering them along the seams. The person performing namaz behind the imam (muktadi), following him, performs takbir in the same way, but says “Allahu Akbar” in a whisper.
HAND
Bow from the waist
Immediately after three additional takbirs, the imam says aloud “Allahu Akbar” and makes a bow – hand. The person praying behind the imam quietly says “Allahu Akbar” and, following the imam, also bows from the waist.
When pronouncing the fourth takbir “Allahu Akbar”, the hands are not raised, as was done in the three additional takbir, but are immediately placed on the knees, moving to the “ruku” position.
While in the hand, it is advisable to quietly pronounce the praise of Allah three times: “Subhana robbiyal-ʼazim”
RIGHTENING
Starting to straighten up after bowing from the waist, the imam says: “Sami Allahu liman hamidah,” and the Muslim following him, straightening up, quietly says: “Robbana wa lakal-hamd.”
SAJDA
prostration
The imam pronounces the takbir out loud: “Allahu Akbar,” and bows to the ground. The person praying behind him quietly pronounces takbir and, following the imam, makes sajdah.
In this position, it is advisable to quietly pronounce the words of praise to Allah three times: “Subhana robbiyal-aʼla”
SEATING
After the first sajdah, the imam says out loud “Allahu Akbar” and sits on his thighs. The person following the imam quietly says “Allahu Akbar” and also sits on his hips. In this position, the imam and muktadi quietly say: “Robbie gfir li, robbie ghfir li”
SAJDA
prostration
Then the imam again pronounces the takbir “Allahu Akbar” out loud and performs the second sajd (prostration). The person praying behind him pronounces the takbir quietly and follows the imam and makes sajdah.
It is performed in the same way as the first one.
TASHAHHUD
After performing the second sajdah, the imam says “Allahu Akbar” out loud and sits on his hips. The person praying behind the imam quietly pronounces the takbir, and following the imam also sits on his hips. In this position, the imam and the muktadi quietly read the tashahhud (at-tahiyata).
While reading the tashahhud in the words: “Ashhadu alla ilaha,” the worshiper raises his index finger right hand and directs it towards the qibla (but not up!), and with the words “Illallah” lowers it. When raising the index finger, the thumb and middle fingers close into a ring, and the little finger and ring finger bend. When the finger is lowered, the palm should be straightened and placed in the same position (at the edge of the knee) as before the finger was raised. You should not move your index finger or keep it raised throughout the entire recitation of the Tashahhud.
After reading the tashahhud, the imam and the muktadi quietly read the salawat.
Then it is advisable for the imam and muktadi to quietly make dua in Arabic without raising their hands.
If you do not know the words tashahhud and salavat, you should sit silently and not move.
Transcription
At-tahiyatu lillahi was-solyauatu uat-toyibat
Assalamu ʼalaika ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh
As-salamu ʼalaina wa ʼala ʼibadillahis-solikhin
Ashhadu alla ilaha illallahu wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasulyukh
Allahumma solly ʼala Muhammad, wa ʼala ali Muhammad
kama solyayta ʼala Ibrahim wa ʼala ali Ibrahim
innaka hamidum-majid
Allahumma barik ʼala Muhammad wa ʼala ali Muhammad
kama barakta ʼala Ibrahim wa ʼala ali Ibrahim
innaka hamidum-majid.
Robbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan,
wa fil-ahirati hasanatan,
ua kyna ʼazaban-nar
SALAM
After reading salawat and dua, the imam turns his head to the right so that the person sitting behind can see his right cheek, and says salam (or taslim) out loud. The person performing namaz behind the imam (muktadi), following him, also turns his head and quietly pronounces salam. Then, the imam, turning his head to the left, pronounces salam aloud a second time. Muktadi performs the same action, silently pronouncing salam and leaving the state of prayer. However, if the muktadi did not have time to read the salawat or dua, then he can finish reading them and perform taslim after the second salaam of the imam.
At this point, the Eid (holiday) prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends.
At the end of the prayer, it is advisable to raise both hands to chest level. Leave a little space between them. Don't keep your hands too close to each other and don't hold them too far apart. Inner side palms should be facing the face. Raising your hands in this way, it is advisable to say dua-istighfar.
After prayer, according to the sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, the imam reads a short khutbah in Arabic.
It is not advisable to get up and leave immediately after completing the prayer; you must remain in place and listen to the khutbah to the end. Performing Eid prayer without a khutbah or reading a khutbah before prayer is undesirable (makruh).
Allah Almighty ordered Muslims to celebrate two holidays: Eid al-Fitr (Eid al-Fitr, the holiday of breaking the fast) and Eid al-Adha (Kurban Bayram, the holiday of sacrifice). The word “’id” comes from the word “’aud”, which means “return”, “resumption”. One explanation for the origin of this word is that Muslims show joy during the holidays, which returns to them every year.
Allah says in the Quran (translation of the meaning of the verses): “The one who purifies himself, remembers the name of his Lord and performs prayer is successful.”(Sura “The Most High”, verses 14, 15). Allah also says: “Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice.”(Surah Abundant, verse 2).
Some scholars believe that the verses of Surah “The Most High” refer to the holiday of Eid al-Fitr. “He who purifies himself succeeds”- that is, he paid zakat-l-fitr; "remembered the name of his Lord"- that is, he exalted the night before the holiday; "and performed namaz"- that is, he performed the holiday prayer.
Scientists attribute the verses of Surah “Abundant” to the holiday of Idu-l-Adha. “Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord.”- that is, perform the holiday prayer; "and stab the victim"- that is, make a sacrifice.
When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) moved to Medina, the Ansars, since the time of Jahiliya, had two holidays a year on which they had fun. Then Allah replaced them with Idu-l-fitr and Idu-l-adha, which represent the end of two great types of worship, two pillars of Islam - fasting and hajj in the month of Ramadan.
It is reported that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) arrived in Medina, the residents of the city had two days of fun and entertainment. Then he said: “Allah has given you two more in their place wonderful day: the day of sacrifice and the day of breaking the fast"(Abu Dawud, An-Nasai).
On the morning of holidays, Muslims perform festive prayer. According to one opinion of scholars, the holiday prayer is an urgent sunnah (desirable), according to another, it is a collective duty, according to the third opinion, the holiday prayer is an individual duty of Muslims.
Commitment timeholiday prayer
The timing of the Eid prayer coincides with the prayer spirit- a desirable prayer, the time of which begins from the moment the sun rises to the height of a spear after sunrise (approximately 10–15 minutes) and ends before the zenith.
It is reported that one day several horsemen returned from a trip and testified that they had seen the new moon, after which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered everyone to break their fast and gather in the morning at a place of public prayer(Ahmad, Abu Dawud).
Place of occurrenceholiday prayer
It is advisable to perform the holiday prayer in an open place, as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did. It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the holidays of breaking the fast and sacrifice, he went to the place of prayer, where first of all he performed namaz, and then turned around, stood facing the people who were sitting in rows, and began to read a sermon and give them advice and instructions. If at that time he wanted to send a military detachment somewhere or give some order, then he did it, after which he returned to the city(Al-Bukhari, Muslim) .
The place where the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed holiday prayers was located outside the city. He went out with people to an open place outside the city, which emphasized the festivity of these days. All Muslims went to holiday prayers - men and women, children and old people, rich and poor. Performing Eid prayers together in an open area is more in keeping with the spirit of the holiday, conveys a festive atmosphere and demonstrates the strength of Islam and the unity of Muslims.
The righteous caliphs did exactly the same thing - Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman And Ali(may Allah be pleased with them) - after the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who went out with the people to perform holiday prayers.
It is also permissible to perform festive prayers in a mosque (and according to some scholars, it is even preferable). Moreover, there is no problem in performing Eid prayers in the mosque if there are any obstacles to going out into the open, such as bad weather or possible fitnah (such as bad behavior). Thus, it is reported that the inhabitants of Medina during the time of Caliph Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) performed prayer in the mosque due to rain, which prevented them from going to their usual prayer house.
As has already been said, in holidays, days of general joy, all Muslims went to prayers. Umm ‘Atiyah(may Allah be pleased with her) said: “We were ordered to go out on the day of the holiday. We also removed unmarried girls from their rooms and those who were bleeding monthly. They stood behind the people, said takbir with them and turned with them to Allah with prayers, hoping for the blessing of this day and its purification.” One version of the hadith says: “One of the women said: “O Messenger of Allah, one of us does not have a jilbab (veil).” To which he replied: “Let her friend give her her jilbab so that she can dress herself.”» (Al-Bukhari, Muslim).
Some featuresholiday prayers
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was in a hurry to perform the festive prayer on the day of Eid al-Adha (the holiday of sacrifice) and slightly delayed performing the festive prayer on the day Idu-l-fitr(holiday of breaking the fast). As scientists say, the reason for this was that it is advisable to perform the sacrifice at the beginning of the day, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made sure that people had time to do this. However, one cannot delay prayer on the day of Eidul-Fitr in such a way that it brings trouble to people, as the Companions pointed out.
Before the Eid prayer on the day Idu-l-fitr It is advisable to have breakfast. Before the Eid prayer on the day Idu-l-adha It is advisable not to eat. It is reported that on the day of breaking the fast, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not leave the house without having breakfast, and on the day of sacrifice he ate breakfast only after performing the festive prayer(Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi).
It is advisable to go on foot for the holiday prayer. It is reported that ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “In accordance with the Sunnah, one should go to Eid prayer on foot.”(At-Tirmidhi). 
It is advisable for those praying to go to Eid prayer early, after the morning prayer, since they should strive to be in the first row, and since there is benefit in waiting for prayer. Along the way, it is advisable to say a lot of takbir (see below) and other dhikrs, while raising your voice. It is also advisable to swim, clean up, put on clean, beautiful clothes and anoint yourself with incense (for men).
On the way to the holiday prayer, one should show humility before Allah Almighty and abandon arrogance. Women should behave modestly, not wear perfume or dress in a way that attracts attention.
On the contrary, it is advisable for the imam to go out for the holiday prayer later. The same goes for Friday prayers, for which it is advisable for the imam to come either directly to the khutbah or closer to it. Except if he fears that something might delay him. According to some scholars, the imam should go to the Eid prayer later, closer to the prayer itself, due to the fact that people stop saying takbir when they see the imam, as some companions did. Thus, the Imam should not go with people and sit with them before the time of prayer, as this is more consistent with the status of the Imam. The imam should also wear the best clothes he has. However, as some scholars have pointed out, it should not be too good so as to alienate the poor, and it should not be too simple as to alienate the wealthy.
It is advisable to go to Eid prayer along one road and return along another. It is reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was returning from the holiday prayer on the wrong road along which he had come to him.(Al-Bukhari).
Procedureholiday prayer
The holiday prayer is performed before the holiday khutbahs(sermons). It is reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Abu Bakr and ‘Umar performed holiday prayers before the holiday sermon(Al-Bukhari, Muslim).
The holiday prayer consists of two rak'ahs. In the first rakata after takbirat-l-ihram(the first utterance of “Allahu Akbar”, which begins the prayer) and dua al-istiftah(duas that are advisable to be read before starting the reading of “Al-Fatihah”) and before at-ta’awuz (pronouncing “a’uzu bi-Llahi mina sh-shaytani r-rojim”) and reading the surah “Al-Fatihah” seven are pronounced takbirs (“Allahu Akbar”), with each of which hands are raised. From Ibn Mas'ud(may Allah be pleased with him) it is reported that he said between takbirs: “Allahu Akbar kabiran, wa-l-hamdu li-Llahi kasiran, wa subhanallahi bukratan wa asyl.” For this reason, some scientists considered it desirable.
Then the prayer is performed as usual until the beginning of the second rak'ah. In it, everything is done the same as in the first, except that instead of seven takbirs, five are read. Surah Al-Fatihah and those following it are read aloud by the imam.
No other prayers are performed before or after the holiday prayer. Also, for the holiday prayer, the azan and iqama are not read.
It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “During the holiday prayer on the day of breaking the fast, one should exalt Allah seven times with the words “Allahu Akbar!” in the first rak'ah and five times in the second rak'ah, after which the Qur'an should be read in both rak'ahs."(Abu Daoud).
It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed a festive prayer of two rak'ahs, and he did not pray either before or after this prayer(Al-Bukhari, Muslim).
It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed holiday prayers without azan and without iqama(Abu Daoud).
After the holiday prayer, two khutbahs are read in the same way as before the Friday prayer. It is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the holidays of breaking the fast and sacrifice went to the place of prayer, where he first performed prayer, and then turned around, stood facing the people who were sitting in rows, and began to read a sermon and give them advice and instructions(Al-Bukhari, Muslim).
For those who missed the holiday prayer, it is advisable to make up for it in the same form in which it was performed. To the one who is one late rakat, you should complete the prayer by saying in the second rak'ah five takbirs, as discussed above.
Saying takbir
On the night of holidays, it is advisable to say more takbir. Allah says in the Quran: “He wants you to complete a certain number of days(post) and exalted Allah(pronounced takbir) because He has guided you to the straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful"(Sura “The Cow”, verse 185). Some scholars even said that it is obligatory to pronounce takbir. Takbir is pronounced loudly at home, on the way to the place of performing the holiday prayer and in the place itself. The recitation of takbir ends when the imam begins the holiday prayer. The Takbir reads as follows: “Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, la ilaha illa Allahu, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, wa li-Llahi-l-hamd.”
You cannot specifically agree to pronounce the takbir together, much less establish a “leader” who pronounces the takbir, and the others pronounce it after him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not act this way, and this is close to innovation.
Sources used: “Sharhu zadi-l-mustakni”, Sheikh Muhammad Mukhtar al-Shanqiti
Festive prayer (namaz-'id) is performed on the day of Kurban Bayram ('Idu-l-Adha) and on the day of Eid al-Adha ('Idu-l-Fitr). This is an important, urgent sunnah (sunnatun-muakkadatun). Our beloved Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) paid great attention to performing the holiday prayer and did not miss it. Therefore, if possible, we should not miss them either. It is also sunnah to perform them collectively in the mosque. It is advisable to go to the mosque along the long road and return along the short one. Eid prayers can also be performed at home. They should be performed by both women and those on the road. The time for performing the holiday prayer begins at sunrise and continues until noon. In flat areas, it is advisable to postpone the holiday prayer (sunnah) until the sun rises to a height of seven cubits. Namaz-'id consists of two rak'ahs. To perform the Eid prayer, the intention is pronounced as follows: “I intend to perform a two-rakah holiday sunnat prayer on the occasion of Kurban Bayram (or Eid al-Fitr) in the name of Allah Almighty.” If namaz is performed by a jamaat, with other Muslims, then “together with the jamaat” or “behind the imam” is also added to the niyat. As usual, when connecting with niyat, they say “Allahu Akbar”, while simultaneously raising their hands to ear level, and thus begin prayer. At the beginning of the prayer, as usual, with his hands folded under his chest (as when reading Surah Al-Fatiha), who knows, he reads the prayer “Iftitah” (“Wajjahtu ...”). At the end of this prayer, again raising their hands, they say “Allahu Akbar”, then, lowering their hands and folding them under the chest, they read: “Subhana-l-lahi wa-l-hamdulillahi wa la ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar.” (Glorified is Allah, all praise is to Allah and there is no one and nothing (god, deity) who should be worshiped except Allah, and the greatest is Allah.) After reading this prayer, they again raise their hands and say “Allahu Akbar”, then, as in the first once, folding their hands under their chests, they read the same prayer (Subhana-l-lahi...). And so “Allahu Akbar” is pronounced 6 times (not counting “Allahu Akbar”, pronounced to enter prayer) and “Subhana-l-lahi...” is read 6 times. After this, they say “Allahu Akbar” 7 times, after which they read “A’uza...” and Surah Al-Fatiha. Then, until the end of the second prostration (sudjd), everything is done as in a regular prayer. Rising from the second prostration (sudjda) to perform the second rak'ah, as usual, they raise their hands and say “Allahu Akbar.” Then fold them under the chest. Then they raise their hands again, say “Allahu Akbar” and again place them under the chest and read “Subhana-l-lahi. .." And so they raise their hands four times, say “Allahu Akbar” (not counting what was said when getting up from sajda) and read “Subhana-l-lahi...” four times. After this, they raise their hands for the fifth time and say “Allahu Akbar”, then, folding their hands under the chest, read Surah Al-Fatiha. Then everything is done as in a regular prayer. In both rak'ahs, after Surah Al-Fatih, it is advisable to also read something else from the Koran. The best thing in the first rak'ah is "Kaf", in the second - "Iktaraba", and who does not know them, in the first - surah "Al-Kafirun" ("Kul ya ayyuhalkafirun..."), in the second - "Ikhlas" (" Kulhuva..."). After completing the holiday prayer in the mosque, the imam reads a khutbah (sermon), consisting of two parts, as before the Friday prayer. Whoever performs namaz-‘id at home, it is better to perform it in jamaat (collectively) together with the rest of the family members (wife, children, mother, sisters, etc.). Whoever does not know the above prayer can perform the usual two-rakah sunnat prayer, having the niyat to perform the id prayer. In this case, the holiday prayer is also considered completed, and the one who performed it will receive an appropriate reward. Since Eid prayers are performed only twice a year, it is necessary to try to perform them at least in this way. When the head of the family goes to the mosque to perform namaz-‘id, let him tell his wife and children to pray at home, and it is better to take his sons with him to the mosque so that they get used to visiting the House of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). If you missed a holiday prayer, it is advisable to make it up (sunnat) as missed.
On the eve of the upcoming holiday of Eid-ul-Fitr, we invite readers to familiarize themselves with the material revealing the features of the holiday prayer (salat-ul-id or Eid-namaz), which is an important component of this day.
According to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa
‘Eid is a holiday named in honor of the fact that the mercies of Allah Almighty descend on His servants and that they return every year with joy.
Both ‘id prayers were established in the Shariah in the first year of the Hijra. It is said from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) moved to Medina, the inhabitants of this city celebrated for two days. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked about this, he was told that during the days of Jahiliya they had fun on these days. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said that the Almighty gave them two days better than before - these are Idul-fitr (the holiday of breaking the fast) and Idul-adha (the holiday of sacrifice).
Everyone who is obliged to perform Juma prayer must perform ‘id-salat. Holiday prayer has the same conditions as Friday prayer, i.e. two rak'ahs and a khutbah. For ‘id prayer, the khutbah is read (sunnat) after the prayer. But on Friday it is necessary (fard) to read the khutbah before prayer.
The time for both holiday prayers comes when on this day the sun rises above the horizon by the size of a bayonet. This is the time for Zuha prayer to begin. In terms of time, it will be 30 minutes after sunrise. The period expires before the lunchtime prayer, i.e. to the zenith.
The procedure for performing ‘id prayers
The prayer begins with the words “assalatu jamia,” which literally means “come to collective prayer.”
Everyone stands in rows and makes an intention (the imam and the ma'mooms (standing behind the imam)) for the holiday prayer. Ma'mooms echo the imam when they intend. After saying the words "Allahu Akbar" Ma'moums performing prayer behind the imam fold their hands on their stomachs. Read dua "Sana" (“Subhanaka Allahuma tabaraka ismuka wa ta’ala jadduka wala ilaha gairuka”). Then the imam begins to recite takbir. They are also called added. These are three takbirs, not counting the takbir when entering prayer, with each of them they raise their hands, as if entering prayer, then lower them, but do not fold them. Each takbir is pronounced separately from each other three times, with an interval of time during which it can be pronounced "Allahu Akbar" or read “subhanallahi walhamdulillahi wa illaha illallahu wallahu akbar”. After reciting the third added takbir, the hands are folded on the stomach. Imam reads surah "Al-Fatiha" and preferably sura "A'la" out loud, then perform ruku’ and judgment and stand for the second rak’ah. Imam reads surah "Al-Fatiha" then preferably sura "Al-Hashiya". After reading, they begin the takbirs, they are pronounced, as for the previous rak’ah, three times and the fourth takbir for ruku’a. They make ruku’ judgment and read "Attahiyyatu" and, as usual, leave the prayer with salam. After salam, they remain seated and the imam reads both khutbahs. After this, he reads a sermon (about the sacrifice or the holiday of breaking the fast, respectively).
Takbir read on tashriq days
Tashriq is the name given to drying meat. Therefore, the 11th, 12th, 13th days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah, i.e. following Kurban Bayram, are called the days of Tashrik (Ayama Tashrik). These days, after performing all farz prayers, men and women must read takbir. It is read before the afternoon prayer on the 13th day.
The order of reading takbir is as follows: “Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, La ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar. Allahu akbar walilahil hamd". It is necessary to read once after each prayer, and to read three times is the sunnah.
Desirable actions on both days
On these days, everything that is desirable on Friday is desirable: bathe, use siwak, perfume yourself with incense, put on the best clothes, go to prayer early. But there are also additional sunnat for the holiday: before going to the festive prayer of breaking the fast, it is advisable to eat something, preferably an odd number of dates. And before the Eid al-Adha prayer, it is advisable to postpone eating in order to eat from the sacrificial meat.
On the way to the mosque (for prayer) they read the takbir (on the day of breaking the fast - silently, on Kurban Bayram - out loud). It is advisable to go one way and return another. Distribute zakatul fitr before leaving for prayer. It is advisable to perform ziyarat at the cemetery after prayer and give out alms as much as possible.
Both holiday nights are spent in vigils, time is spent in worship of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), reading the Koran, performing namaz, remembering Allah.
It is advisable to perform both of these prayers in the field; it is condemned to perform them in mosques without a good reason.
Some solutions related to both holidays
If you were unable to perform a collective holiday prayer (behind the imam), you do not need to make up for it yourself. If the time for ‘id-namaz has passed (i.e., the time for lunch prayer has come) and you did not have time for prayer, then it can be performed the next day. Eid al-Adha prayer can be performed on three more subsequent days if there was a reason why it was postponed.
The one who enters prayer after the imam, having read the takbirs, begins to read the surah "Al-Fatiha", read the takbirs, following the imam, if he does not miss his hand’ after him. If he does not have time to follow the imam, he, having entered the prayer, will go to the ruku’ and read the takbirs there. If he enters into prayer after the imam rises from the ruku’a, he will restore what he missed after the imam completes the prayer.
It is disgraceful to perform Sunnat prayers before or after ‘Id prayers. They can be done upon arrival home. The khutbah begins with reading the takbir: the first - 9 times, the second - 7 times. On the days of Tashriq, the takbir can be continued by adding: “...Allahu akbar kabiran walhamdulillahi kasiran wa subhanallahi bukratan wa asila la ilaha illallahu wahdahu sadaqa wa'dahu wa nassara 'abdahu wa a'aza jundahu wa gazamal ahzaba wahdahu la ilagya illa llahu wala na'budu illa Iyyahu mukhlisina lahuddin wa love karihal kafiruna. Allahumma salli ‘ala sayyidina Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammadin wa ‘ala ashabi Muhammadin wa ‘ala azwaji Muhammadin wa salim taslima.”
According to the madhhab of Imam al-Shafi'i
The holiday prayer has two rak'ahs, and the intention to perform it is made as follows: “ I intend to perform the desired Eid prayer of two rak'ahs in the name of Allah (following the imam)».
After pronouncing "Allahu Akbar" before entering prayer, it is advisable to read the prayer “vajjahtu”, then it is advisable to raise your hands seven times as when entering prayer and say “Allahu Akbar”, and after six read the prayer. And after the seventh "Allahu Akbar" should read Surah al-Fatihah. (If the collective prayer is read aloud by the imam first, and the mammums read it later). After the sura "al-Fatiha" it is advisable to read the surah "al-Kaf" or sura "al-A'la".
In the second rak'ah after reciting "Allahu Akbar" When getting up for the second rak'ah, it is advisable to say “Allahu Akbar” in the above-mentioned way and read the prayer “Subhana llahi walhamdu lillahi wa la ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar” after four, and after the fifth read the surah "al-Fatiha". After the sura "al-Fatiha" It is advisable to read the surah " al-Qamar", or "al-Gashiya".
If the prayer was a collective one, after it two khutbahs should be read with the same conditions that should be observed for the khutbahs of Friday prayer.
If a person cannot perform prayer in the above-mentioned way, he makes an intention for the holiday prayer and performs the usual desired prayer of two rak'ahs.
And since the Eid prayer occurs once a year, a Muslim should not neglect it, and if he missed it for a good reason, it is advisable for him to make up for it.
There are two types of desired prayers (sunnat prayers): the first type is sunnat prayers, which it is advisable to perform alone, for example, ratibat, zukha, awbabin, etc. The second type is sunnat prayers, which it is desirable to perform collectively, that is in the jamaat. This second type of prayer will be discussed in our article. One of them is Sunnat prayer, which is performed on the holidays of Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr.
Eid prayer (salat al-idain) is a highly recommended sunnah. There is a weak opinion that this is farz al-kifayah (a universal duty that is considered fulfilled if any of the residents of a particular locality performs it). Salat al-idain is performed both on the holiday of sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) and on the holiday of breaking the fast, upon completion holy month Ramadan (Eid al-Fitr). It is advisable to perform this prayer in a jamaat, but it can be performed by one person, as well as by a traveler and women. The time for performing this prayer begins at sunset on a holiday and continues until the sun passes its zenith. But it is advisable (sunnah) to postpone this prayer until the sun rises to a height of seven cubits.
This prayer is two rak'ahs of regular prayer with the intention of performing the sunnat prayer of Eid al-Fitr or Eidal-Adha. After entering the prayer, the Wajakhtu prayer is read, then you should say “Allahu Akbar” seven times, raising your hands each time, as when entering the prayer. Between every two takbirs, it is advisable to say “Subhanallahi walhamdu li Llahi wa lailaha illallahu walAllahuaqbar.” Then taavvuz is pronounced (Auzubi Llahi mina shshaitani rrazhim), and al-Fatiha is read. After Surah al-Fatiha, the surah is read, and then the usual prayer is performed. When one gets up for the second rak'ah, not counting the takbir that is said when standing up, one recites five takbir, as in the first rak'ah. It is important to know that all these takbirs are not farz, therefore, if they are forgotten to be pronounced, they will not be compensated. If a person, having forgotten to pronounce these takbirs, begins to read Surah al-Fatiha, then it is considered that he has missed the pronunciation of these takbirs.
After Surah al-Fatiha, in the first rak'ah it is advisable to read Surah Kaf or Surah Al-Aala, and in the second rak'ah - Al-Qamar or Al-Gashiya.
After completing the prayer, it is advisable to read two khutbahs, similar in terms and components to both, which are read before the Juma prayer. In the khutbah for Eid al-Fitr, it is desirable to tell people about, and in the khutbah of Eid al-Adha, it is desirable to explain the issues of sacrifice. It is advisable to start the first khutbah with the pronunciation of takbir (Allahu Akbar). In the first khutbah, the takbir is read nine times one after another, and in the second, seven takbir are recited.
Before both holidays, it is advisable to perform a complete ablution (swim). Swimming time occurs after midnight on the night before the holiday. It is also advisable to use incense and dress up, as if for Juma prayer, in the best and most expensive clothes. It is not advisable for young and pretty girls to come to the Eid prayer, but older women can come if their husbands allow them. But they should not use incense and should go out in home clothes.
It is advisable to perform Eid prayers in a mosque, except in cases where people cannot fit into the mosque. It is advisable for the imam to appoint a person to pray with the sick and infirm people in hospitals.
On the way to prayer and back, it is advisable to take different roads (routes), so that both routes on the Day of Judgment will testify to this. It is preferable to come to prayer in advance, and it is advisable for the imam to come closer to the time of prayer. It is advisable to perform the festive prayer on the day of sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) as soon as possible, at the beginning of the period of time allotted for prayer, because immediately after the prayer it is desirable to perform the ritual of sacrifice. It is advisable to postpone the prayer on the day of breaking the fast (Eid al-Fitr) a little due to the fact that it is desirable to distribute it before the holiday prayer.
On the holiday of breaking the fast, it is advisable to eat a little before prayer, and on the holiday of sacrifice, on the contrary, it is advisable to refrain from eating food until the completion of the holiday prayer.
Some people mistakenly believe that on the Feast of Sacrifice, fasting is observed as long as the meat of the sacrificial animal is consumed, but this is a clear mistake. Moreover, fasting on these holidays is prohibited. It is only necessary to simply abstain from eating food until the completion of the prayer, and after the prayer one does not abstain from food.
If possible, it is advisable to go to the holiday prayer with a calm gait and on foot. It is not advisable for the imam to perform another Sunnat prayer before the Eid prayer, for this is contrary to what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did, but other people are allowed to perform other Sunnat prayers before performing the Eid prayer.
Reading takbir on holidays
After sunset on the night of the holiday, it is advisable to read the takbir. This takbir is read loudly in all places - at home, on the street, in mosques and in markets. It is advisable to read it until the imam begins to perform namaz on the day of breaking the fast (Eid al-Fitr). On Eid Al-Fitr, takbir is also not read after prayers.
On the Feast of Sacrifice, it is advisable to start reading takbir in the morning of Arafah and continue reading until the afternoon prayer last day tashriqa (ayam-at-tashkrik - three days after the day of sacrifice). These days, it is especially advisable to read the takbir after each fard prayer, as well as after the reimbursable and sunnat prayers.
The best formula for this takbir is the following words:
اَلله ُاَكْبَر اَلله ُاَكْبَر اَلله ُاَكْبَر لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله ُوَالله ُاَكْبَر الله ُاَكْبَر وَللهِ الْحَمْدُ
ويستحب أن يزيد بعد الثالثة :
« Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illa Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa li Allahu l-hamd- three times.
After the third time it is advisable to add:
الله ُاَكْبَر كَبِيرًا وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ كَثِيرًا وُسُبْحَانَ اللهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلاً
“Allahu Akbar kabiran wa l-hamdu li Allahu kasiran wa subhanallahi bukratan wa asila.”
Based on materials from the book Imam An-Nawawi « Minhajat-Talibin »
Prepared by: Akhmad Magomedov
